Baryon-induced Collapse of Dark Matter Cores into Supermassive Black Holes
Nonlinear structure formation for fermionic dark matter particles leads to dark matter density profiles with a degenerate compact core surrounded by a diluted halo. For a given fermion mass, the core has a critical mass that collapses into a supermassive black hole (SMBH). Galactic dynamics constrai...
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| Format: | Article |
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IOP Publishing
2024-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal Letters |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad1490 |
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| author | C. R. Argüelles J. A. Rueda R. Ruffini |
| author_facet | C. R. Argüelles J. A. Rueda R. Ruffini |
| author_sort | C. R. Argüelles |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nonlinear structure formation for fermionic dark matter particles leads to dark matter density profiles with a degenerate compact core surrounded by a diluted halo. For a given fermion mass, the core has a critical mass that collapses into a supermassive black hole (SMBH). Galactic dynamics constraints suggest a ∼100 keV/ c ^2 fermion, which leads to ∼10 ^7 M _⊙ critical core mass. Here, we show that baryonic (ordinary) matter accretion drives an initially stable dark matter core to SMBH formation and determines the accreted mass threshold that induces it. Baryonic gas density ρ _b and velocity v _b inferred from cosmological hydrosimulations and observations produce sub-Eddington accretion rates triggering the baryon-induced collapse in less than 1 Gyr. This process produces active galactic nuclei in galaxy mergers and the high-redshift Universe. For TXS 2116–077, merging with a nearby galaxy, the observed 3 × 10 ^7 M _⊙ SMBH, for ${Q}_{b}={\rho }_{b}/{v}_{b}^{3}=0.125{M}_{\odot }/{(100\,\mathrm{km}\,{{\rm{s}}}^{-1}\,\mathrm{pc})}^{3}$ , forms in ≈0.6 Gyr, consistent with the 0.5–2 Gyr merger timescale and younger jet. For the farthest central SMBH detected by the Chandra X-ray satellite in the z = 10.3 UHZ1 galaxy observed by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), the mechanism leads to a 4 × 10 ^7 M _⊙ SMBH in 87–187 Myr, starting the accretion at z = 12–15. The baryon-induced collapse can also explain the ≈10 ^7 –10 ^8 M _⊙ SMBHs revealed by JWST at z ≈ 4–6. After its formation, the SMBH can grow to a few 10 ^9 M _⊙ in timescales shorter than 1 Gyr via sub-Eddington baryonic mass accretion. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:40:23Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:40:23Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
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| series | The Astrophysical Journal Letters |
| spelling | doaj.art-fca9f22df68246a581bcd3731c82858b2024-01-11T20:43:16ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal Letters2041-82052024-01-019611L1010.3847/2041-8213/ad1490Baryon-induced Collapse of Dark Matter Cores into Supermassive Black HolesC. R. Argüelles0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5862-8840J. A. Rueda1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4904-0014R. Ruffini2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0829-8318Instituto de Astrofísica de La Plata , UNLP-CONICET, Paseo del Bosque s/n B1900FWA La Plata, Argentina; ICRANet, Piazza della Repubblica 10 , I-65122 Pescara, Italy ; carguelles@fcaglp.unlp.edu.ar, jorge.rueda@icra.it, ruffini@icra.itICRANet, Piazza della Repubblica 10 , I-65122 Pescara, Italy ; carguelles@fcaglp.unlp.edu.ar, jorge.rueda@icra.it, ruffini@icra.it; ICRANet-Ferrara, Dip. di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Ferrara , Via Saragat 1, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy; ICRA, Dipartamento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma , Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy; Department of Physics and Earth Science, University of Ferrara , Via Saragat 1, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy; INAF, Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, ItalyICRANet, Piazza della Repubblica 10 , I-65122 Pescara, Italy ; carguelles@fcaglp.unlp.edu.ar, jorge.rueda@icra.it, ruffini@icra.it; ICRA, Dipartamento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma , Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy; Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis , Grand Château Parc Valrose, Nice, CEDEX 2, France; INAF, Viale del Parco Mellini 84 , I-00136 Rome, ItalyNonlinear structure formation for fermionic dark matter particles leads to dark matter density profiles with a degenerate compact core surrounded by a diluted halo. For a given fermion mass, the core has a critical mass that collapses into a supermassive black hole (SMBH). Galactic dynamics constraints suggest a ∼100 keV/ c ^2 fermion, which leads to ∼10 ^7 M _⊙ critical core mass. Here, we show that baryonic (ordinary) matter accretion drives an initially stable dark matter core to SMBH formation and determines the accreted mass threshold that induces it. Baryonic gas density ρ _b and velocity v _b inferred from cosmological hydrosimulations and observations produce sub-Eddington accretion rates triggering the baryon-induced collapse in less than 1 Gyr. This process produces active galactic nuclei in galaxy mergers and the high-redshift Universe. For TXS 2116–077, merging with a nearby galaxy, the observed 3 × 10 ^7 M _⊙ SMBH, for ${Q}_{b}={\rho }_{b}/{v}_{b}^{3}=0.125{M}_{\odot }/{(100\,\mathrm{km}\,{{\rm{s}}}^{-1}\,\mathrm{pc})}^{3}$ , forms in ≈0.6 Gyr, consistent with the 0.5–2 Gyr merger timescale and younger jet. For the farthest central SMBH detected by the Chandra X-ray satellite in the z = 10.3 UHZ1 galaxy observed by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), the mechanism leads to a 4 × 10 ^7 M _⊙ SMBH in 87–187 Myr, starting the accretion at z = 12–15. The baryon-induced collapse can also explain the ≈10 ^7 –10 ^8 M _⊙ SMBHs revealed by JWST at z ≈ 4–6. After its formation, the SMBH can grow to a few 10 ^9 M _⊙ in timescales shorter than 1 Gyr via sub-Eddington baryonic mass accretion.https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad1490High-redshift galaxiesActive galactic nucleiSupermassive black holesGalaxy dark matter halosDark matterGravitational collapse |
| spellingShingle | C. R. Argüelles J. A. Rueda R. Ruffini Baryon-induced Collapse of Dark Matter Cores into Supermassive Black Holes The Astrophysical Journal Letters High-redshift galaxies Active galactic nuclei Supermassive black holes Galaxy dark matter halos Dark matter Gravitational collapse |
| title | Baryon-induced Collapse of Dark Matter Cores into Supermassive Black Holes |
| title_full | Baryon-induced Collapse of Dark Matter Cores into Supermassive Black Holes |
| title_fullStr | Baryon-induced Collapse of Dark Matter Cores into Supermassive Black Holes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Baryon-induced Collapse of Dark Matter Cores into Supermassive Black Holes |
| title_short | Baryon-induced Collapse of Dark Matter Cores into Supermassive Black Holes |
| title_sort | baryon induced collapse of dark matter cores into supermassive black holes |
| topic | High-redshift galaxies Active galactic nuclei Supermassive black holes Galaxy dark matter halos Dark matter Gravitational collapse |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad1490 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT crarguelles baryoninducedcollapseofdarkmattercoresintosupermassiveblackholes AT jarueda baryoninducedcollapseofdarkmattercoresintosupermassiveblackholes AT rruffini baryoninducedcollapseofdarkmattercoresintosupermassiveblackholes |