Composition of Phenolic Compounds in South African <i>Schinus molle</i> L. Berries
The <i>Schinus molle</i> tree is notoriously invasive in most parts of the world, and yet as a pseudospice, its berries potentially possess some significant health benefits which need to be explored. Therefore, polar metabolome of seed + husks (SH), husks (H), and de-hulled (DH) berries...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/10/1376 |
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| author | Callistus Bvenura Learnmore Kambizi |
| author_facet | Callistus Bvenura Learnmore Kambizi |
| author_sort | Callistus Bvenura |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The <i>Schinus molle</i> tree is notoriously invasive in most parts of the world, and yet as a pseudospice, its berries potentially possess some significant health benefits which need to be explored. Therefore, polar metabolome of seed + husks (SH), husks (H), and de-hulled (DH) berries were profiled and quantified by untargeted metabolomics approach using UPLC-QTOF-MS. A total of 13 gallotannins, three phenolic acids, a phenolic acid glucoside, three phenolic acid esters, an organic acid, a gallotannin derivative, and nine flavonoids were detected and quantified. Phenolic acids ranged between 12.2–295.7; 4.9–77; and 89.7–1613.1 mg/kg in SH, DH seeds and H respectively. Flavonoids ranged between 1.8–267.5; 73.4–80.4; and 124–564.3 mg/kg in SH, DH seeds and H respectively. Gallotannins ranged between 1.1–146.6; 14.8–21.8; and 48.1–664.8 mg/kg in SH, DH seeds and H respectively. Feruloyltartaric A, quercetin 3-O-glucuronide, catechin digalloylshikimic acid B as well as digalloyl quinic acid were some of the dominant secondary metabolites revealed. These results indicate that <i>S. molle</i> berries are a rich source of secondary metabolites with elevated concentrations in the husks, while DH seeds possess lower concentrations to none. These findings open important insights into the potential of <i>S. molle</i> berries as a natural source of antioxidants for the food and pharmaceutical industries. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:54:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fcc1fb54a8b54e4bba6655fa51997441 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:54:42Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-fcc1fb54a8b54e4bba6655fa519974412023-11-23T10:58:15ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582022-05-011110137610.3390/foods11101376Composition of Phenolic Compounds in South African <i>Schinus molle</i> L. BerriesCallistus Bvenura0Learnmore Kambizi1Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South AfricaDepartment of Horticulture, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South AfricaThe <i>Schinus molle</i> tree is notoriously invasive in most parts of the world, and yet as a pseudospice, its berries potentially possess some significant health benefits which need to be explored. Therefore, polar metabolome of seed + husks (SH), husks (H), and de-hulled (DH) berries were profiled and quantified by untargeted metabolomics approach using UPLC-QTOF-MS. A total of 13 gallotannins, three phenolic acids, a phenolic acid glucoside, three phenolic acid esters, an organic acid, a gallotannin derivative, and nine flavonoids were detected and quantified. Phenolic acids ranged between 12.2–295.7; 4.9–77; and 89.7–1613.1 mg/kg in SH, DH seeds and H respectively. Flavonoids ranged between 1.8–267.5; 73.4–80.4; and 124–564.3 mg/kg in SH, DH seeds and H respectively. Gallotannins ranged between 1.1–146.6; 14.8–21.8; and 48.1–664.8 mg/kg in SH, DH seeds and H respectively. Feruloyltartaric A, quercetin 3-O-glucuronide, catechin digalloylshikimic acid B as well as digalloyl quinic acid were some of the dominant secondary metabolites revealed. These results indicate that <i>S. molle</i> berries are a rich source of secondary metabolites with elevated concentrations in the husks, while DH seeds possess lower concentrations to none. These findings open important insights into the potential of <i>S. molle</i> berries as a natural source of antioxidants for the food and pharmaceutical industries.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/10/1376flavonoidsphenolic acidspseudo-spices<i>Schinus molle</i>tanninsunderutilised indigenous foods |
| spellingShingle | Callistus Bvenura Learnmore Kambizi Composition of Phenolic Compounds in South African <i>Schinus molle</i> L. Berries Foods flavonoids phenolic acids pseudo-spices <i>Schinus molle</i> tannins underutilised indigenous foods |
| title | Composition of Phenolic Compounds in South African <i>Schinus molle</i> L. Berries |
| title_full | Composition of Phenolic Compounds in South African <i>Schinus molle</i> L. Berries |
| title_fullStr | Composition of Phenolic Compounds in South African <i>Schinus molle</i> L. Berries |
| title_full_unstemmed | Composition of Phenolic Compounds in South African <i>Schinus molle</i> L. Berries |
| title_short | Composition of Phenolic Compounds in South African <i>Schinus molle</i> L. Berries |
| title_sort | composition of phenolic compounds in south african i schinus molle i l berries |
| topic | flavonoids phenolic acids pseudo-spices <i>Schinus molle</i> tannins underutilised indigenous foods |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/10/1376 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT callistusbvenura compositionofphenoliccompoundsinsouthafricanischinusmolleilberries AT learnmorekambizi compositionofphenoliccompoundsinsouthafricanischinusmolleilberries |