Determinants of Cardiovascular Diseases in the Elderly Population in Indonesia: Evidence from Population-Based Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS)
Sri Intan Zakaria,1,2 Sofa Dewi Alfian,2,3 Neily Zakiyah2,3 1Pharmacist Professional Education Study Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia; 2Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40132, I...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Dove Medical Press
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Vascular Health and Risk Management |
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| Online Access: | https://www.dovepress.com/determinants-of-cardiovascular-diseases-in-the-elderly-population-in-i-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-VHRM |
| _version_ | 1828072887396859904 |
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| author | Zakaria SI Alfian SD Zakiyah N |
| author_facet | Zakaria SI Alfian SD Zakiyah N |
| author_sort | Zakaria SI |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sri Intan Zakaria,1,2 Sofa Dewi Alfian,2,3 Neily Zakiyah2,3 1Pharmacist Professional Education Study Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia; 2Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia; 3Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40132, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Neily Zakiyah, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia, Tel/Fax +62-22-7796200, Email neily.zakiyah@unpad.ac.idIntroduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and is the number one mortality cause in Indonesia. The highest percentage of its prevalence occurs in the elderly population. This research aims to assess the determinants of CVDs in the elderly population in Indonesia based on the Indonesian Family Life Survey 5 (IFLS-5), a sub-nationally representative survey data, in 2014– 2015.Methods: A national cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted using multicenter data from approximately 13 provinces in Indonesia in 2014– 2015. We included elderly subjects aged 60 years old and above with complete data on sociodemographic, smoking habits, obesity, dietary pattern, and physical activity and diagnosis data on hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), and hypercholesterolemia. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to estimate odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and p-value.Results: We included complete data from 2873 respondents. The determinants associated with CVDs in the elderly population in Indonesia included college background (OR 6.26 [95% CI 2.690– 14.613], p < 0.001), unemployment (OR 1.88 [95% CI 1.294– 2.75], p = 0.001), urban population (OR 2.11 [95% CI 1.427– 3.114], p < 0.001), obesity (OR 1.59 [95% CI 0.842– 3.02], p = 0.152), low and medium physical activities (OR 2.34 [95% CI 1.335– 4.121], p = 0.003 and OR 2.54 [95% CI 1.449– 4.486], p = 0.001, respectively), hypertension (OR 4.25 [95% CI 2.945– 6.137], p < 0.001), DM (OR 2.77 [95% CI 1.683– 4.591], p < 0.001), and hypercholesterolemia (OR 2.99 [95% CI 1.860– 4.812], p < 0.001).Conclusion: The determinants of CVDs in the elderly population in Indonesia based on Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS)-5 data are hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, DM, lower physical activity, higher educational background, urban population, unemployment, and obesity. The findings of this current study highlight that more appropriate control measures such as tailored intervention by policymakers and healthcare providers for those at high risk should be initiated and implemented.Keywords: determinants, risk factors, CVD, Indonesia, elderly population, IFLS |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T01:19:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fcc2899c25e44392a22e68383fc6565c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1178-2048 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T01:19:02Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vascular Health and Risk Management |
| spelling | doaj.art-fcc2899c25e44392a22e68383fc6565c2023-01-03T18:09:29ZengDove Medical PressVascular Health and Risk Management1178-20482022-12-01Volume 1890591480718Determinants of Cardiovascular Diseases in the Elderly Population in Indonesia: Evidence from Population-Based Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS)Zakaria SIAlfian SDZakiyah NSri Intan Zakaria,1,2 Sofa Dewi Alfian,2,3 Neily Zakiyah2,3 1Pharmacist Professional Education Study Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia; 2Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia; 3Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40132, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Neily Zakiyah, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia, Tel/Fax +62-22-7796200, Email neily.zakiyah@unpad.ac.idIntroduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and is the number one mortality cause in Indonesia. The highest percentage of its prevalence occurs in the elderly population. This research aims to assess the determinants of CVDs in the elderly population in Indonesia based on the Indonesian Family Life Survey 5 (IFLS-5), a sub-nationally representative survey data, in 2014– 2015.Methods: A national cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted using multicenter data from approximately 13 provinces in Indonesia in 2014– 2015. We included elderly subjects aged 60 years old and above with complete data on sociodemographic, smoking habits, obesity, dietary pattern, and physical activity and diagnosis data on hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), and hypercholesterolemia. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to estimate odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and p-value.Results: We included complete data from 2873 respondents. The determinants associated with CVDs in the elderly population in Indonesia included college background (OR 6.26 [95% CI 2.690– 14.613], p < 0.001), unemployment (OR 1.88 [95% CI 1.294– 2.75], p = 0.001), urban population (OR 2.11 [95% CI 1.427– 3.114], p < 0.001), obesity (OR 1.59 [95% CI 0.842– 3.02], p = 0.152), low and medium physical activities (OR 2.34 [95% CI 1.335– 4.121], p = 0.003 and OR 2.54 [95% CI 1.449– 4.486], p = 0.001, respectively), hypertension (OR 4.25 [95% CI 2.945– 6.137], p < 0.001), DM (OR 2.77 [95% CI 1.683– 4.591], p < 0.001), and hypercholesterolemia (OR 2.99 [95% CI 1.860– 4.812], p < 0.001).Conclusion: The determinants of CVDs in the elderly population in Indonesia based on Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS)-5 data are hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, DM, lower physical activity, higher educational background, urban population, unemployment, and obesity. The findings of this current study highlight that more appropriate control measures such as tailored intervention by policymakers and healthcare providers for those at high risk should be initiated and implemented.Keywords: determinants, risk factors, CVD, Indonesia, elderly population, IFLShttps://www.dovepress.com/determinants-of-cardiovascular-diseases-in-the-elderly-population-in-i-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-VHRMdeterminantsrisk factorscvdindonesiaelderly populationifls |
| spellingShingle | Zakaria SI Alfian SD Zakiyah N Determinants of Cardiovascular Diseases in the Elderly Population in Indonesia: Evidence from Population-Based Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) Vascular Health and Risk Management determinants risk factors cvd indonesia elderly population ifls |
| title | Determinants of Cardiovascular Diseases in the Elderly Population in Indonesia: Evidence from Population-Based Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) |
| title_full | Determinants of Cardiovascular Diseases in the Elderly Population in Indonesia: Evidence from Population-Based Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) |
| title_fullStr | Determinants of Cardiovascular Diseases in the Elderly Population in Indonesia: Evidence from Population-Based Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determinants of Cardiovascular Diseases in the Elderly Population in Indonesia: Evidence from Population-Based Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) |
| title_short | Determinants of Cardiovascular Diseases in the Elderly Population in Indonesia: Evidence from Population-Based Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) |
| title_sort | determinants of cardiovascular diseases in the elderly population in indonesia evidence from population based indonesian family life survey ifls |
| topic | determinants risk factors cvd indonesia elderly population ifls |
| url | https://www.dovepress.com/determinants-of-cardiovascular-diseases-in-the-elderly-population-in-i-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-VHRM |
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