Distributed Agent-Based Orchestrator Model for Fog Computing
Fog computing is an extension of cloud computing that provides computing services closer to user end-devices at the network edge. One of the challenging topics in fog networks is the placement of tasks on fog nodes to obtain the best performance and resource usage. The process of mapping tasks for r...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5894 |
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| author | Agnius Liutkevičius Nerijus Morkevičius Algimantas Venčkauskas Jevgenijus Toldinas |
| author_facet | Agnius Liutkevičius Nerijus Morkevičius Algimantas Venčkauskas Jevgenijus Toldinas |
| author_sort | Agnius Liutkevičius |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fog computing is an extension of cloud computing that provides computing services closer to user end-devices at the network edge. One of the challenging topics in fog networks is the placement of tasks on fog nodes to obtain the best performance and resource usage. The process of mapping tasks for resource-constrained devices is known as the service or fog application placement problem (SPP, FAPP). The highly dynamic fog infrastructures with mobile user end-devices and constantly changing fog nodes resources (e.g., battery life, security level) require distributed/decentralized service placement (orchestration) algorithms to ensure better resilience, scalability, and optimal real-time performance. However, recently proposed service placement algorithms rarely support user end-device mobility, constantly changing the resource availability of fog nodes and the ability to recover from fog node failures at the same time. In this article, we propose a distributed agent-based orchestrator model capable of flexible service provisioning in a dynamic fog computing environment by considering the constraints on the central processing unit (CPU), memory, battery level, and security level of fog nodes. Distributing the decision-making to multiple orchestrator fog nodes instead of relying on the mapping of a single central entity helps to spread the load and increase scalability and, most importantly, resilience. The prototype system based on the proposed orchestrator model was implemented and tested with real hardware. The results show that the proposed model is efficient in terms of response latency and computational overhead, which are minimal compared to the placement algorithm itself. The research confirms that the proposed orchestrator approach is suitable for various fog network applications when scalability, mobility, and fault tolerance must be guaranteed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:05:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fcd171a82e494f9999a59b5bb5d210f8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:05:03Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-fcd171a82e494f9999a59b5bb5d210f82023-12-01T23:10:53ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-08-012215589410.3390/s22155894Distributed Agent-Based Orchestrator Model for Fog ComputingAgnius Liutkevičius0Nerijus Morkevičius1Algimantas Venčkauskas2Jevgenijus Toldinas3Department of Computer Science, Kaunas University of Technology, 44249 Kaunas, LithuaniaDepartment of Computer Science, Kaunas University of Technology, 44249 Kaunas, LithuaniaDepartment of Computer Science, Kaunas University of Technology, 44249 Kaunas, LithuaniaDepartment of Computer Science, Kaunas University of Technology, 44249 Kaunas, LithuaniaFog computing is an extension of cloud computing that provides computing services closer to user end-devices at the network edge. One of the challenging topics in fog networks is the placement of tasks on fog nodes to obtain the best performance and resource usage. The process of mapping tasks for resource-constrained devices is known as the service or fog application placement problem (SPP, FAPP). The highly dynamic fog infrastructures with mobile user end-devices and constantly changing fog nodes resources (e.g., battery life, security level) require distributed/decentralized service placement (orchestration) algorithms to ensure better resilience, scalability, and optimal real-time performance. However, recently proposed service placement algorithms rarely support user end-device mobility, constantly changing the resource availability of fog nodes and the ability to recover from fog node failures at the same time. In this article, we propose a distributed agent-based orchestrator model capable of flexible service provisioning in a dynamic fog computing environment by considering the constraints on the central processing unit (CPU), memory, battery level, and security level of fog nodes. Distributing the decision-making to multiple orchestrator fog nodes instead of relying on the mapping of a single central entity helps to spread the load and increase scalability and, most importantly, resilience. The prototype system based on the proposed orchestrator model was implemented and tested with real hardware. The results show that the proposed model is efficient in terms of response latency and computational overhead, which are minimal compared to the placement algorithm itself. The research confirms that the proposed orchestrator approach is suitable for various fog network applications when scalability, mobility, and fault tolerance must be guaranteed.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5894fog computinginternet of thingsservice placementfog service orchestrationdistributed orchestratoragent-based orchestrator |
| spellingShingle | Agnius Liutkevičius Nerijus Morkevičius Algimantas Venčkauskas Jevgenijus Toldinas Distributed Agent-Based Orchestrator Model for Fog Computing Sensors fog computing internet of things service placement fog service orchestration distributed orchestrator agent-based orchestrator |
| title | Distributed Agent-Based Orchestrator Model for Fog Computing |
| title_full | Distributed Agent-Based Orchestrator Model for Fog Computing |
| title_fullStr | Distributed Agent-Based Orchestrator Model for Fog Computing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Distributed Agent-Based Orchestrator Model for Fog Computing |
| title_short | Distributed Agent-Based Orchestrator Model for Fog Computing |
| title_sort | distributed agent based orchestrator model for fog computing |
| topic | fog computing internet of things service placement fog service orchestration distributed orchestrator agent-based orchestrator |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5894 |
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