Allelopathy and Allelochemicals of <i>Imperata cylindrica</i> as an Invasive Plant Species
<i>Imperata cylindrica</i> is native to Southeast Asia and East Africa and has become naturalized in humid tropics, subtropics and warmer temperate zones of the world. The species is one of the top ten worst weeds in the worlds and is listed among the world’s top 100 worst invasive alien...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/19/2551 |
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| author | Hisashi Kato-Noguchi |
| author_facet | Hisashi Kato-Noguchi |
| author_sort | Hisashi Kato-Noguchi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Imperata cylindrica</i> is native to Southeast Asia and East Africa and has become naturalized in humid tropics, subtropics and warmer temperate zones of the world. The species is one of the top ten worst weeds in the worlds and is listed among the world’s top 100 worst invasive alien species. It is an aggressive colonizer and forms large monospecific stands in several countries. Possible evidence of the allelopathy of <i>I. cylindrica</i> has been accumulated in the literature over three decades. The extracts, leachates, root exudates, decomposing residues and rhizosphere soil of <i>I. cylindrica</i> were found to suppress the germination and growth of several plant species, including woody plant species, and to reduce their rhizobium nodulation and mycorrhizal colonization. Several allelochemicals, such as fatty acids, terpenoids, simple phenolics, benzoic acids, phenolic acids, phenolic aldehydes, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, quinones and alkaloids, were also found in the extracts, leachates, root exudates and/or growth medium of <i>I. cylindrica</i>. These observations suggest that allelochemicals may be synthesized in <i>I. cylindrica</i> and released into the rhizosphere soil and surrounding environments either by the leachates, root exudation or decomposition process of plant parts, and certain allelochemicals may contribute to the alteration of the microbial community, including rhizobia and mycorrhizal fungi, suppressing the regeneration process of native plant species through the inhibition of their germination and growth. Therefore, the allelopathy of <i>I. cylindrica</i> may support its invasiveness, naturalization and formation of large monospecific stands. This is the first review article focusing on the allelopathy of <i>I. cylindrica</i>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:18:25Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:18:25Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-fceafdf341704c60be099d963591e4592023-11-23T21:29:18ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-09-011119255110.3390/plants11192551Allelopathy and Allelochemicals of <i>Imperata cylindrica</i> as an Invasive Plant SpeciesHisashi Kato-Noguchi0Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki 761-0795, Kagawa, Japan<i>Imperata cylindrica</i> is native to Southeast Asia and East Africa and has become naturalized in humid tropics, subtropics and warmer temperate zones of the world. The species is one of the top ten worst weeds in the worlds and is listed among the world’s top 100 worst invasive alien species. It is an aggressive colonizer and forms large monospecific stands in several countries. Possible evidence of the allelopathy of <i>I. cylindrica</i> has been accumulated in the literature over three decades. The extracts, leachates, root exudates, decomposing residues and rhizosphere soil of <i>I. cylindrica</i> were found to suppress the germination and growth of several plant species, including woody plant species, and to reduce their rhizobium nodulation and mycorrhizal colonization. Several allelochemicals, such as fatty acids, terpenoids, simple phenolics, benzoic acids, phenolic acids, phenolic aldehydes, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, quinones and alkaloids, were also found in the extracts, leachates, root exudates and/or growth medium of <i>I. cylindrica</i>. These observations suggest that allelochemicals may be synthesized in <i>I. cylindrica</i> and released into the rhizosphere soil and surrounding environments either by the leachates, root exudation or decomposition process of plant parts, and certain allelochemicals may contribute to the alteration of the microbial community, including rhizobia and mycorrhizal fungi, suppressing the regeneration process of native plant species through the inhibition of their germination and growth. Therefore, the allelopathy of <i>I. cylindrica</i> may support its invasiveness, naturalization and formation of large monospecific stands. This is the first review article focusing on the allelopathy of <i>I. cylindrica</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/19/2551allelochemicaldecompositioninvasive speciesmonospecific standmycorrhizal colonizationphytotoxicity |
| spellingShingle | Hisashi Kato-Noguchi Allelopathy and Allelochemicals of <i>Imperata cylindrica</i> as an Invasive Plant Species Plants allelochemical decomposition invasive species monospecific stand mycorrhizal colonization phytotoxicity |
| title | Allelopathy and Allelochemicals of <i>Imperata cylindrica</i> as an Invasive Plant Species |
| title_full | Allelopathy and Allelochemicals of <i>Imperata cylindrica</i> as an Invasive Plant Species |
| title_fullStr | Allelopathy and Allelochemicals of <i>Imperata cylindrica</i> as an Invasive Plant Species |
| title_full_unstemmed | Allelopathy and Allelochemicals of <i>Imperata cylindrica</i> as an Invasive Plant Species |
| title_short | Allelopathy and Allelochemicals of <i>Imperata cylindrica</i> as an Invasive Plant Species |
| title_sort | allelopathy and allelochemicals of i imperata cylindrica i as an invasive plant species |
| topic | allelochemical decomposition invasive species monospecific stand mycorrhizal colonization phytotoxicity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/19/2551 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hisashikatonoguchi allelopathyandallelochemicalsofiimperatacylindricaiasaninvasiveplantspecies |