Biomechanics of the Human Middle Ear with Viscoelasticity of the Maxwell and the Kelvin–Voigt Type and Relaxation Effect
The middle ear is one of the smallest biomechanical systems in the human body and is responsible for the hearing process. Hearing is modelled in different ways and by various methods. In this paper, three-degree-of-freedom models of the human middle ear with different viscoelastic properties are pro...
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/17/3779 |
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| author | Rafal Rusinek Marcin Szymanski Robert Zablotni |
| author_facet | Rafal Rusinek Marcin Szymanski Robert Zablotni |
| author_sort | Rafal Rusinek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The middle ear is one of the smallest biomechanical systems in the human body and is responsible for the hearing process. Hearing is modelled in different ways and by various methods. In this paper, three-degree-of-freedom models of the human middle ear with different viscoelastic properties are proposed. Model 1 uses the Maxwell type viscoelasticity, Model 2 is based on the Kelvin–Voigt viscoelasticity, and Model 3 uses the Kelvin–Voigt viscoelasticity with relaxation effect. The primary aim of the study is to compare the models and their dynamic responses to a voice excitation. The novelty of this study lies in using different models of viscoelasticity and relaxation effect that has been previously unstudied. First, mathematical models of the middle ear were built, then they were solved numerically by the Runge–Kutta procedure and finally, numerical results were compared with those obtained from experiments carried out on the temporal bone with the Laser Doppler Vibrometer. The models exhibit differences in the natural frequency and amplitudes near the second resonance. All analysed models can be used for modelling the rapidly changing processes that occur in the ear and to control active middle ear implants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:47:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fceff28fe0a1452fa9a7da17d0a0de09 |
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| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:47:23Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj.art-fceff28fe0a1452fa9a7da17d0a0de092023-11-20T11:32:32ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442020-08-011317377910.3390/ma13173779Biomechanics of the Human Middle Ear with Viscoelasticity of the Maxwell and the Kelvin–Voigt Type and Relaxation EffectRafal Rusinek0Marcin Szymanski1Robert Zablotni2Department of Applied Mechanics, Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Applied Mechanics, Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, PolandThe middle ear is one of the smallest biomechanical systems in the human body and is responsible for the hearing process. Hearing is modelled in different ways and by various methods. In this paper, three-degree-of-freedom models of the human middle ear with different viscoelastic properties are proposed. Model 1 uses the Maxwell type viscoelasticity, Model 2 is based on the Kelvin–Voigt viscoelasticity, and Model 3 uses the Kelvin–Voigt viscoelasticity with relaxation effect. The primary aim of the study is to compare the models and their dynamic responses to a voice excitation. The novelty of this study lies in using different models of viscoelasticity and relaxation effect that has been previously unstudied. First, mathematical models of the middle ear were built, then they were solved numerically by the Runge–Kutta procedure and finally, numerical results were compared with those obtained from experiments carried out on the temporal bone with the Laser Doppler Vibrometer. The models exhibit differences in the natural frequency and amplitudes near the second resonance. All analysed models can be used for modelling the rapidly changing processes that occur in the ear and to control active middle ear implants.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/17/3779middle earstapes vibrationrelaxationligaments modelling |
| spellingShingle | Rafal Rusinek Marcin Szymanski Robert Zablotni Biomechanics of the Human Middle Ear with Viscoelasticity of the Maxwell and the Kelvin–Voigt Type and Relaxation Effect Materials middle ear stapes vibration relaxation ligaments modelling |
| title | Biomechanics of the Human Middle Ear with Viscoelasticity of the Maxwell and the Kelvin–Voigt Type and Relaxation Effect |
| title_full | Biomechanics of the Human Middle Ear with Viscoelasticity of the Maxwell and the Kelvin–Voigt Type and Relaxation Effect |
| title_fullStr | Biomechanics of the Human Middle Ear with Viscoelasticity of the Maxwell and the Kelvin–Voigt Type and Relaxation Effect |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biomechanics of the Human Middle Ear with Viscoelasticity of the Maxwell and the Kelvin–Voigt Type and Relaxation Effect |
| title_short | Biomechanics of the Human Middle Ear with Viscoelasticity of the Maxwell and the Kelvin–Voigt Type and Relaxation Effect |
| title_sort | biomechanics of the human middle ear with viscoelasticity of the maxwell and the kelvin voigt type and relaxation effect |
| topic | middle ear stapes vibration relaxation ligaments modelling |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/17/3779 |
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