Individualized stress detection using an unmodified car steering wheel
Abstract In-car passive stress sensing could enable the monitoring of stress biomarkers while driving and reach millions of commuters daily (i.e., 123 million daily commuters in the US alone). Here, we present a nonintrusive method to detect stress solely from steering angle data of a regular car. T...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00062-7 |
| _version_ | 1818979189845393408 |
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| author | Stephanie Balters Nikhil Gowda Francisco Ordonez Pablo E. Paredes |
| author_facet | Stephanie Balters Nikhil Gowda Francisco Ordonez Pablo E. Paredes |
| author_sort | Stephanie Balters |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract In-car passive stress sensing could enable the monitoring of stress biomarkers while driving and reach millions of commuters daily (i.e., 123 million daily commuters in the US alone). Here, we present a nonintrusive method to detect stress solely from steering angle data of a regular car. The method uses inverse filtering to convert angular movement data into a biomechanical Mass Spring Damper model of the arm and extracts its damped natural frequency as an approximation of muscle stiffness, which in turn reflects stress. We ran a within-subject study (N = 22), in which commuters drove a vehicle around a closed circuit in both stress and calm conditions. As hypothesized, cohort analysis revealed a significantly higher damped natural frequency for the stress condition (P = .023, d = 0.723). Subsequent automation of the method achieved rapid (i.e., within 8 turns) stress detection in the individual with a detection accuracy of 77%. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T16:55:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fcf73559f2424703a6a0fec2a2cde2df |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T16:55:35Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-fcf73559f2424703a6a0fec2a2cde2df2022-12-21T19:32:44ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222021-10-0111111110.1038/s41598-021-00062-7Individualized stress detection using an unmodified car steering wheelStephanie Balters0Nikhil Gowda1Francisco Ordonez2Pablo E. Paredes3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stanford UniversityAlliance Innovation Lab Silicon ValleyComputer Science Department, Universidad San Francisco de QuitoDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stanford UniversityAbstract In-car passive stress sensing could enable the monitoring of stress biomarkers while driving and reach millions of commuters daily (i.e., 123 million daily commuters in the US alone). Here, we present a nonintrusive method to detect stress solely from steering angle data of a regular car. The method uses inverse filtering to convert angular movement data into a biomechanical Mass Spring Damper model of the arm and extracts its damped natural frequency as an approximation of muscle stiffness, which in turn reflects stress. We ran a within-subject study (N = 22), in which commuters drove a vehicle around a closed circuit in both stress and calm conditions. As hypothesized, cohort analysis revealed a significantly higher damped natural frequency for the stress condition (P = .023, d = 0.723). Subsequent automation of the method achieved rapid (i.e., within 8 turns) stress detection in the individual with a detection accuracy of 77%.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00062-7 |
| spellingShingle | Stephanie Balters Nikhil Gowda Francisco Ordonez Pablo E. Paredes Individualized stress detection using an unmodified car steering wheel Scientific Reports |
| title | Individualized stress detection using an unmodified car steering wheel |
| title_full | Individualized stress detection using an unmodified car steering wheel |
| title_fullStr | Individualized stress detection using an unmodified car steering wheel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Individualized stress detection using an unmodified car steering wheel |
| title_short | Individualized stress detection using an unmodified car steering wheel |
| title_sort | individualized stress detection using an unmodified car steering wheel |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00062-7 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT stephaniebalters individualizedstressdetectionusinganunmodifiedcarsteeringwheel AT nikhilgowda individualizedstressdetectionusinganunmodifiedcarsteeringwheel AT franciscoordonez individualizedstressdetectionusinganunmodifiedcarsteeringwheel AT pabloeparedes individualizedstressdetectionusinganunmodifiedcarsteeringwheel |