Optimization of Medication Delivery Drone with IoT-Guidance Landing System Based on Direction and Intensity of Light
This paper presents an optimization of the medication delivery drone with the Internet of Things (IoT)-Guidance Landing System based on direction and intensity of light. The IoT-GLS was incorporated into the system to assist the drone’s operator or autonomous system to select the best landing angles...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/11/4272 |
| _version_ | 1797491590392971264 |
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| author | Mohamed Osman Baloola Fatimah Ibrahim Mas S. Mohktar |
| author_facet | Mohamed Osman Baloola Fatimah Ibrahim Mas S. Mohktar |
| author_sort | Mohamed Osman Baloola |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper presents an optimization of the medication delivery drone with the Internet of Things (IoT)-Guidance Landing System based on direction and intensity of light. The IoT-GLS was incorporated into the system to assist the drone’s operator or autonomous system to select the best landing angles for landing. The landing selection was based on the direction and intensity of the light. The medication delivery drone system was developed using an Arduino Uno microcontroller board, ESP32 DevKitC V4 board, multiple sensors, and IoT mobile apps to optimize face detection. This system can detect and compare real-time light intensity from all directions. The results showed that the IoT-GLS has improved the distance of detection by 192% in a dark environment and exhibited an improvement in face detection distance up to 147 cm in a room with low light intensity. Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between face recognition’s detection distance, light source direction, light intensity, and light color (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The findings of an optimal efficiency of facial recognition for medication delivery was achieved due to the ability of the IoT-GLS to select the best angle of landing based on the light direction and intensity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:51:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fd004f9dd90d420dbc898cd50ebc120e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:51:29Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-fd004f9dd90d420dbc898cd50ebc120e2023-11-23T14:51:18ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-06-012211427210.3390/s22114272Optimization of Medication Delivery Drone with IoT-Guidance Landing System Based on Direction and Intensity of LightMohamed Osman Baloola0Fatimah Ibrahim1Mas S. Mohktar2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaThis paper presents an optimization of the medication delivery drone with the Internet of Things (IoT)-Guidance Landing System based on direction and intensity of light. The IoT-GLS was incorporated into the system to assist the drone’s operator or autonomous system to select the best landing angles for landing. The landing selection was based on the direction and intensity of the light. The medication delivery drone system was developed using an Arduino Uno microcontroller board, ESP32 DevKitC V4 board, multiple sensors, and IoT mobile apps to optimize face detection. This system can detect and compare real-time light intensity from all directions. The results showed that the IoT-GLS has improved the distance of detection by 192% in a dark environment and exhibited an improvement in face detection distance up to 147 cm in a room with low light intensity. Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between face recognition’s detection distance, light source direction, light intensity, and light color (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The findings of an optimal efficiency of facial recognition for medication delivery was achieved due to the ability of the IoT-GLS to select the best angle of landing based on the light direction and intensity.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/11/4272IoTguidance landing systemlight directionlight intensitydroneface recognition |
| spellingShingle | Mohamed Osman Baloola Fatimah Ibrahim Mas S. Mohktar Optimization of Medication Delivery Drone with IoT-Guidance Landing System Based on Direction and Intensity of Light Sensors IoT guidance landing system light direction light intensity drone face recognition |
| title | Optimization of Medication Delivery Drone with IoT-Guidance Landing System Based on Direction and Intensity of Light |
| title_full | Optimization of Medication Delivery Drone with IoT-Guidance Landing System Based on Direction and Intensity of Light |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of Medication Delivery Drone with IoT-Guidance Landing System Based on Direction and Intensity of Light |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of Medication Delivery Drone with IoT-Guidance Landing System Based on Direction and Intensity of Light |
| title_short | Optimization of Medication Delivery Drone with IoT-Guidance Landing System Based on Direction and Intensity of Light |
| title_sort | optimization of medication delivery drone with iot guidance landing system based on direction and intensity of light |
| topic | IoT guidance landing system light direction light intensity drone face recognition |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/11/4272 |
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