Biomedical applications of silk and its role for intervertebral disc repair
Abstract Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD) is the main contributor to chronic low back pain. To date, the present therapies mainly focus on treating the symptoms caused by IDD rather than addressing the problem itself. For this reason, researchers have searched for a suitable biomaterial...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2022-12-01
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| Series: | JOR Spine |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/jsp2.1225 |
| _version_ | 1797974942959009792 |
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| author | Andreas S. Croft Eugenia Spessot Promita Bhattacharjee Yuejiao Yang Antonella Motta Michael Wöltje Benjamin Gantenbein |
| author_facet | Andreas S. Croft Eugenia Spessot Promita Bhattacharjee Yuejiao Yang Antonella Motta Michael Wöltje Benjamin Gantenbein |
| author_sort | Andreas S. Croft |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD) is the main contributor to chronic low back pain. To date, the present therapies mainly focus on treating the symptoms caused by IDD rather than addressing the problem itself. For this reason, researchers have searched for a suitable biomaterial to repair and/or regenerate the IVD. A promising candidate to fill this gap is silk, which has already been used as a biomaterial for many years. Therefore, this review aims first to elaborate on the different origins from which silk is harvested, the individual composition, and the characteristics of each silk type. Another goal is to enlighten why silk is so suitable as a biomaterial, discuss its functionalization, and how it could be used for tissue engineering purposes. The second part of this review aims to provide an overview of preclinical studies using silk‐based biomaterials to repair the inner region of the IVD, the nucleus pulposus (NP), and the IVD's outer area, the annulus fibrosus (AF). Since the NP and the AF differ fundamentally in their structure, different therapeutic approaches are required. Consequently, silk‐containing hydrogels have been used mainly to repair the NP, and silk‐based scaffolds have been used for the AF. Although most preclinical studies have shown promising results in IVD‐related repair and regeneration, their clinical transition is yet to come. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T04:27:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fd00972a6048487793927869b534532f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2572-1143 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T04:27:44Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | JOR Spine |
| spelling | doaj.art-fd00972a6048487793927869b534532f2022-12-29T15:44:04ZengWileyJOR Spine2572-11432022-12-0154n/an/a10.1002/jsp2.1225Biomedical applications of silk and its role for intervertebral disc repairAndreas S. Croft0Eugenia Spessot1Promita Bhattacharjee2Yuejiao Yang3Antonella Motta4Michael Wöltje5Benjamin Gantenbein6Tissue Engineering for Orthopaedic & Mechanobiology, Bone & Joint Program, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Medical Faculty University of Bern Bern SwitzerlandDepartment of Industrial Engineering and BIOtech Research Center University of Trento Trento ItalyDepartment of Chemical Sciences SSPC the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick Limerick IrelandDepartment of Industrial Engineering and BIOtech Research Center University of Trento Trento ItalyDepartment of Industrial Engineering and BIOtech Research Center University of Trento Trento ItalyInstitute of Textile Machinery and High Performance Material Technology Dresden GermanyTissue Engineering for Orthopaedic & Mechanobiology, Bone & Joint Program, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Medical Faculty University of Bern Bern SwitzerlandAbstract Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD) is the main contributor to chronic low back pain. To date, the present therapies mainly focus on treating the symptoms caused by IDD rather than addressing the problem itself. For this reason, researchers have searched for a suitable biomaterial to repair and/or regenerate the IVD. A promising candidate to fill this gap is silk, which has already been used as a biomaterial for many years. Therefore, this review aims first to elaborate on the different origins from which silk is harvested, the individual composition, and the characteristics of each silk type. Another goal is to enlighten why silk is so suitable as a biomaterial, discuss its functionalization, and how it could be used for tissue engineering purposes. The second part of this review aims to provide an overview of preclinical studies using silk‐based biomaterials to repair the inner region of the IVD, the nucleus pulposus (NP), and the IVD's outer area, the annulus fibrosus (AF). Since the NP and the AF differ fundamentally in their structure, different therapeutic approaches are required. Consequently, silk‐containing hydrogels have been used mainly to repair the NP, and silk‐based scaffolds have been used for the AF. Although most preclinical studies have shown promising results in IVD‐related repair and regeneration, their clinical transition is yet to come.https://doi.org/10.1002/jsp2.1225Bombyx moridegenerationfunctionalizationintervertebral disclow back painregeneration |
| spellingShingle | Andreas S. Croft Eugenia Spessot Promita Bhattacharjee Yuejiao Yang Antonella Motta Michael Wöltje Benjamin Gantenbein Biomedical applications of silk and its role for intervertebral disc repair JOR Spine Bombyx mori degeneration functionalization intervertebral disc low back pain regeneration |
| title | Biomedical applications of silk and its role for intervertebral disc repair |
| title_full | Biomedical applications of silk and its role for intervertebral disc repair |
| title_fullStr | Biomedical applications of silk and its role for intervertebral disc repair |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biomedical applications of silk and its role for intervertebral disc repair |
| title_short | Biomedical applications of silk and its role for intervertebral disc repair |
| title_sort | biomedical applications of silk and its role for intervertebral disc repair |
| topic | Bombyx mori degeneration functionalization intervertebral disc low back pain regeneration |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/jsp2.1225 |
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