Voluminous magma formation for the 30-ka Aira caldera-forming eruption in SW Japan: contributions of crust-derived felsic and mafic magmas
Understanding the origin, assembly, and evolution of voluminous magma that erupts in catastrophic caldera-forming eruptions (CCFEs) is a community imperative. A CCFE of the Aira caldera at 30 ka discharged over 350 km3 of magma, which can be grouped into petrographically and geochemically distinct t...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Earth Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2023.1283844/full |
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| author | Ayumu Nishihara Ayumu Nishihara Ayumu Nishihara Yoshiyuki Tatsumi Katsuya Kaneko Jun-Ichi Kimura Qing Chang Nobuo Geshi Takashi Miyazaki Bogdan Stefanov Vaglarov Hironobu Hinata Keiko Suzuki-Kamata |
| author_facet | Ayumu Nishihara Ayumu Nishihara Ayumu Nishihara Yoshiyuki Tatsumi Katsuya Kaneko Jun-Ichi Kimura Qing Chang Nobuo Geshi Takashi Miyazaki Bogdan Stefanov Vaglarov Hironobu Hinata Keiko Suzuki-Kamata |
| author_sort | Ayumu Nishihara |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Understanding the origin, assembly, and evolution of voluminous magma that erupts in catastrophic caldera-forming eruptions (CCFEs) is a community imperative. A CCFE of the Aira caldera at 30 ka discharged over 350 km3 of magma, which can be grouped into petrographically and geochemically distinct types: voluminous rhyolite, small amounts of rhyodacite, and andesite magmas. To further understand the magma plumbing system of the Aira CCFE, we examined the geochemical characteristics of whole rock and plagioclase from its eruptive deposits. The trace element and 87Sr/86Sr signatures recorded in the plagioclase phenocrysts of these magmas indicate that the three magmas were originally produced by partially melting an identical source rock, which was estimated to be a mafic amphibolite with an 87Sr/86Sr signature of ∼0.7055 that comprised the lower crust. Melting of mafic amphibolite produced both felsic and mafic magmas by low and high degrees of partial melting, respectively. The mafic magma assimilated uppermost crustal materials and crystallized to produce an andesite magma type. The andesitic magma consists of phenocrysts (∼39 vol%) and melt with a dacitic (∼70 wt% SiO2) composition. The felsic magma mixed with ∼10% of the andesite magma and crystallized, forming the rhyolite magma. The mixing between the andesite and rhyolite magmas before the Aira CCFE produced the rhyodacite magma. The 30-ka Aira CCFE magmas were generated only by melting two kinds of crustal materials with different geochemical characteristics and had geochemical variations due to different conditions of partial melting and mixing between various crustal melts. The lack of definitive evidence of the mantle component mixing with the Aira CCFE magmas suggests that the mantle-derived magmas worked only as a heat source for crustal melting. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T17:23:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fd064c696a07468fb985a8ee51fd8b51 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-6463 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T17:23:17Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Earth Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-fd064c696a07468fb985a8ee51fd8b512024-01-03T04:13:04ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Earth Science2296-64632024-01-011110.3389/feart.2023.12838441283844Voluminous magma formation for the 30-ka Aira caldera-forming eruption in SW Japan: contributions of crust-derived felsic and mafic magmasAyumu Nishihara0Ayumu Nishihara1Ayumu Nishihara2Yoshiyuki Tatsumi3Katsuya Kaneko4Jun-Ichi Kimura5Qing Chang6Nobuo Geshi7Takashi Miyazaki8Bogdan Stefanov Vaglarov9Hironobu Hinata10Keiko Suzuki-Kamata11Department of Planetology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, JapanResearch Institute for Marine Geodynamics, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, JapanResearch Institute of Earthquake and Volcano Geology, Geological Survey of Japan (GSJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, JapanKobe Ocean-Bottom Exploration Center (KOBEC), Kobe University, Kobe, JapanDepartment of Planetology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, JapanResearch Institute for Marine Geodynamics, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, JapanResearch Institute for Marine Geodynamics, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, JapanResearch Institute of Earthquake and Volcano Geology, Geological Survey of Japan (GSJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, JapanResearch Institute for Marine Geodynamics, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, JapanResearch Institute for Marine Geodynamics, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, JapanDepartment of Planetology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, JapanKobe Ocean-Bottom Exploration Center (KOBEC), Kobe University, Kobe, JapanUnderstanding the origin, assembly, and evolution of voluminous magma that erupts in catastrophic caldera-forming eruptions (CCFEs) is a community imperative. A CCFE of the Aira caldera at 30 ka discharged over 350 km3 of magma, which can be grouped into petrographically and geochemically distinct types: voluminous rhyolite, small amounts of rhyodacite, and andesite magmas. To further understand the magma plumbing system of the Aira CCFE, we examined the geochemical characteristics of whole rock and plagioclase from its eruptive deposits. The trace element and 87Sr/86Sr signatures recorded in the plagioclase phenocrysts of these magmas indicate that the three magmas were originally produced by partially melting an identical source rock, which was estimated to be a mafic amphibolite with an 87Sr/86Sr signature of ∼0.7055 that comprised the lower crust. Melting of mafic amphibolite produced both felsic and mafic magmas by low and high degrees of partial melting, respectively. The mafic magma assimilated uppermost crustal materials and crystallized to produce an andesite magma type. The andesitic magma consists of phenocrysts (∼39 vol%) and melt with a dacitic (∼70 wt% SiO2) composition. The felsic magma mixed with ∼10% of the andesite magma and crystallized, forming the rhyolite magma. The mixing between the andesite and rhyolite magmas before the Aira CCFE produced the rhyodacite magma. The 30-ka Aira CCFE magmas were generated only by melting two kinds of crustal materials with different geochemical characteristics and had geochemical variations due to different conditions of partial melting and mixing between various crustal melts. The lack of definitive evidence of the mantle component mixing with the Aira CCFE magmas suggests that the mantle-derived magmas worked only as a heat source for crustal melting.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2023.1283844/fullcaldera-forming eruptionAira caldera87Sr/86Srpartial meltingassimilationmagma mixing |
| spellingShingle | Ayumu Nishihara Ayumu Nishihara Ayumu Nishihara Yoshiyuki Tatsumi Katsuya Kaneko Jun-Ichi Kimura Qing Chang Nobuo Geshi Takashi Miyazaki Bogdan Stefanov Vaglarov Hironobu Hinata Keiko Suzuki-Kamata Voluminous magma formation for the 30-ka Aira caldera-forming eruption in SW Japan: contributions of crust-derived felsic and mafic magmas Frontiers in Earth Science caldera-forming eruption Aira caldera 87Sr/86Sr partial melting assimilation magma mixing |
| title | Voluminous magma formation for the 30-ka Aira caldera-forming eruption in SW Japan: contributions of crust-derived felsic and mafic magmas |
| title_full | Voluminous magma formation for the 30-ka Aira caldera-forming eruption in SW Japan: contributions of crust-derived felsic and mafic magmas |
| title_fullStr | Voluminous magma formation for the 30-ka Aira caldera-forming eruption in SW Japan: contributions of crust-derived felsic and mafic magmas |
| title_full_unstemmed | Voluminous magma formation for the 30-ka Aira caldera-forming eruption in SW Japan: contributions of crust-derived felsic and mafic magmas |
| title_short | Voluminous magma formation for the 30-ka Aira caldera-forming eruption in SW Japan: contributions of crust-derived felsic and mafic magmas |
| title_sort | voluminous magma formation for the 30 ka aira caldera forming eruption in sw japan contributions of crust derived felsic and mafic magmas |
| topic | caldera-forming eruption Aira caldera 87Sr/86Sr partial melting assimilation magma mixing |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2023.1283844/full |
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