Timing and Frequency Synchronization Using CAZAC Sequences for OFDM Systems
Since orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems are very susceptible to symbol timing offset (STO) and carrier frequency offset (CFO), which cause inter-symbol interference (ISI) and inter-carrier interference (ICI), accurate STO and CFO estimations are very important. In this study,...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/6/3168 |
| _version_ | 1797609106126667776 |
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| author | Gang Peng Rui Li Yushu He Zhiren Han |
| author_facet | Gang Peng Rui Li Yushu He Zhiren Han |
| author_sort | Gang Peng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Since orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems are very susceptible to symbol timing offset (STO) and carrier frequency offset (CFO), which cause inter-symbol interference (ISI) and inter-carrier interference (ICI), accurate STO and CFO estimations are very important. In this study, first, a new preamble structure based on the Zadoff–Chu (ZC) sequences was designed. On this basis, we proposed a new timing synchronization algorithm, called the continuous correlation peak detection (CCPD) algorithm, and its improved algorithm: the accumulated correlation peak detection (ACPD) algorithm. Next, the correlation peaks that were obtained during the timing synchronization were used for the frequency offset estimation. For this, the quadratic interpolation algorithm was adopted as the frequency offset estimation algorithm, which was better than the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm. The simulation results showed that when the correct timing probability reached 100%, under the parameters of <i>m</i> = 8 and <i>N</i> = 512, the performance of the CCPD algorithm was 4 dB higher than that of Du’s algorithm, and that of the ACPD algorithm was 7 dB. Under the same parameters, the quadratic interpolation algorithm also had a great performance improvement in both small and large frequency offsets, when compared with the FFT algorithm. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:55:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fd0b8368f0394ecab5f3f8b8d2effe1f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:55:53Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-fd0b8368f0394ecab5f3f8b8d2effe1f2023-11-17T13:46:55ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-03-01236316810.3390/s23063168Timing and Frequency Synchronization Using CAZAC Sequences for OFDM SystemsGang Peng0Rui Li1Yushu He2Zhiren Han3College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, ChinaWuhan Maritime Communication Research Institute, Wuhan 430200, ChinaWuhan Maritime Communication Research Institute, Wuhan 430200, ChinaCollege of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, ChinaSince orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems are very susceptible to symbol timing offset (STO) and carrier frequency offset (CFO), which cause inter-symbol interference (ISI) and inter-carrier interference (ICI), accurate STO and CFO estimations are very important. In this study, first, a new preamble structure based on the Zadoff–Chu (ZC) sequences was designed. On this basis, we proposed a new timing synchronization algorithm, called the continuous correlation peak detection (CCPD) algorithm, and its improved algorithm: the accumulated correlation peak detection (ACPD) algorithm. Next, the correlation peaks that were obtained during the timing synchronization were used for the frequency offset estimation. For this, the quadratic interpolation algorithm was adopted as the frequency offset estimation algorithm, which was better than the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm. The simulation results showed that when the correct timing probability reached 100%, under the parameters of <i>m</i> = 8 and <i>N</i> = 512, the performance of the CCPD algorithm was 4 dB higher than that of Du’s algorithm, and that of the ACPD algorithm was 7 dB. Under the same parameters, the quadratic interpolation algorithm also had a great performance improvement in both small and large frequency offsets, when compared with the FFT algorithm.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/6/3168orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)timing synchronizationcorrelation operationZadoff–Chu (ZC) sequencefrequency offset estimationfast Fourier transform (FFT) |
| spellingShingle | Gang Peng Rui Li Yushu He Zhiren Han Timing and Frequency Synchronization Using CAZAC Sequences for OFDM Systems Sensors orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) timing synchronization correlation operation Zadoff–Chu (ZC) sequence frequency offset estimation fast Fourier transform (FFT) |
| title | Timing and Frequency Synchronization Using CAZAC Sequences for OFDM Systems |
| title_full | Timing and Frequency Synchronization Using CAZAC Sequences for OFDM Systems |
| title_fullStr | Timing and Frequency Synchronization Using CAZAC Sequences for OFDM Systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | Timing and Frequency Synchronization Using CAZAC Sequences for OFDM Systems |
| title_short | Timing and Frequency Synchronization Using CAZAC Sequences for OFDM Systems |
| title_sort | timing and frequency synchronization using cazac sequences for ofdm systems |
| topic | orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) timing synchronization correlation operation Zadoff–Chu (ZC) sequence frequency offset estimation fast Fourier transform (FFT) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/6/3168 |
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