| Summary: | Invasive pathogens that cause stem cankers and wilts of trees, and insects that bore into bark and wood have proven extremely destructive to the world's forests and particularly difficult to manage once establishedSuch pests are especially devastating when evolutionarily naïve host trees lack adequate natural defensesModern tree improvement programs are increasingly capable of restoring such defenses and providing trees for planting that are capable of withstanding alien insects and pathogensCareful target selection, early implementation and sustained support of these programs are important for their successWe provide a simplified framework to guide responses to invasive insects and pathogens and rapidly identify promising pests to target for development of host resistance.
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