Emerging Issues and Initial Insights into Bacterial Biofilms: From Orthopedic Infection to Metabolomics
Bacterial biofilms, enigmatic communities of microorganisms enclosed in an extracellular matrix, still represent an open challenge in many clinical contexts, including orthopedics, where biofilm-associated bone and joint infections remain the main cause of implant failure. This study explores the sc...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/13/2/184 |
| _version_ | 1797299129973473280 |
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| author | Rasoul Mirzaei Davide Campoccia Stefano Ravaioli Carla Renata Arciola |
| author_facet | Rasoul Mirzaei Davide Campoccia Stefano Ravaioli Carla Renata Arciola |
| author_sort | Rasoul Mirzaei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bacterial biofilms, enigmatic communities of microorganisms enclosed in an extracellular matrix, still represent an open challenge in many clinical contexts, including orthopedics, where biofilm-associated bone and joint infections remain the main cause of implant failure. This study explores the scenario of biofilm infections, with a focus on those related to orthopedic implants, highlighting recently emerged substantial aspects of the pathogenesis and their potential repercussions on the clinic, as well as the progress and gaps that still exist in the diagnostics and management of these infections. The classic mechanisms through which biofilms form and the more recently proposed new ones are depicted. The ways in which bacteria hide, become impenetrable to antibiotics, and evade the immune defenses, creating reservoirs of bacteria difficult to detect and reach, are delineated, such as bacterial dormancy within biofilms, entry into host cells, and penetration into bone canaliculi. New findings on biofilm formation with host components are presented. The article also delves into the emerging and critical concept of immunometabolism, a key function of immune cells that biofilm interferes with. The growing potential of biofilm metabolomics in the diagnosis and therapy of biofilm infections is highlighted, referring to the latest research. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:45:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fd2234250f6540ed899ecf1d9c92a2b9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:45:06Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-fd2234250f6540ed899ecf1d9c92a2b92024-02-23T15:05:13ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822024-02-0113218410.3390/antibiotics13020184Emerging Issues and Initial Insights into Bacterial Biofilms: From Orthopedic Infection to MetabolomicsRasoul Mirzaei0Davide Campoccia1Stefano Ravaioli2Carla Renata Arciola3Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, IranLaboratorio di Patologia delle Infezioni Associate all’Impianto, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, ItalyLaboratorio di Patologia delle Infezioni Associate all’Impianto, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, ItalyLaboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration, Laboratory of Pathology of Implant Infections, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, ItalyBacterial biofilms, enigmatic communities of microorganisms enclosed in an extracellular matrix, still represent an open challenge in many clinical contexts, including orthopedics, where biofilm-associated bone and joint infections remain the main cause of implant failure. This study explores the scenario of biofilm infections, with a focus on those related to orthopedic implants, highlighting recently emerged substantial aspects of the pathogenesis and their potential repercussions on the clinic, as well as the progress and gaps that still exist in the diagnostics and management of these infections. The classic mechanisms through which biofilms form and the more recently proposed new ones are depicted. The ways in which bacteria hide, become impenetrable to antibiotics, and evade the immune defenses, creating reservoirs of bacteria difficult to detect and reach, are delineated, such as bacterial dormancy within biofilms, entry into host cells, and penetration into bone canaliculi. New findings on biofilm formation with host components are presented. The article also delves into the emerging and critical concept of immunometabolism, a key function of immune cells that biofilm interferes with. The growing potential of biofilm metabolomics in the diagnosis and therapy of biofilm infections is highlighted, referring to the latest research.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/13/2/184biofilmorthopedic implant infectionscanaliculo-lacunar network reservoirbacterial dormancyimmunometabolisminternalization |
| spellingShingle | Rasoul Mirzaei Davide Campoccia Stefano Ravaioli Carla Renata Arciola Emerging Issues and Initial Insights into Bacterial Biofilms: From Orthopedic Infection to Metabolomics Antibiotics biofilm orthopedic implant infections canaliculo-lacunar network reservoir bacterial dormancy immunometabolism internalization |
| title | Emerging Issues and Initial Insights into Bacterial Biofilms: From Orthopedic Infection to Metabolomics |
| title_full | Emerging Issues and Initial Insights into Bacterial Biofilms: From Orthopedic Infection to Metabolomics |
| title_fullStr | Emerging Issues and Initial Insights into Bacterial Biofilms: From Orthopedic Infection to Metabolomics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Emerging Issues and Initial Insights into Bacterial Biofilms: From Orthopedic Infection to Metabolomics |
| title_short | Emerging Issues and Initial Insights into Bacterial Biofilms: From Orthopedic Infection to Metabolomics |
| title_sort | emerging issues and initial insights into bacterial biofilms from orthopedic infection to metabolomics |
| topic | biofilm orthopedic implant infections canaliculo-lacunar network reservoir bacterial dormancy immunometabolism internalization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/13/2/184 |
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