| Summary: | In 2002, a survey carried out in rice paddies in the Rio Grande do Sul (RS) state reported the occurrence of nine species of jointvetch (<i>Aeschynomene</i>). Due to their semi-aquatic habit, some species adapted to irrigated rice fields, which led to their being considered the worst broadleaf weed in RS. Although farmers have successfully implemented weed management practices, <i>Aeschynomene</i> plants have reportedly escaped chemical control. This study aims to identify the species of <i>Aeschynomene</i> that occur in rice fields in RS and to evaluate the reasons why escapes are occurring. A survey was carried out by collecting mature seeds from individual adult plants. A questionnaire on the management practices employed in each field was administered to 54 farmers and 18 extension agents, each of whom was responsible for one of the surveyed rice fields. This survey found four species of <i>Aeschynomene</i> are present in rice fields in RS: <i>A. denticulata</i>, <i>A. indica</i>, <i>A. rudis</i>, and <i>A. sensitiva</i>. The results suggest that the explanation for escapes may lie in the management practices adopted by farmers, which are focused on the control of weedy grasses. Escapes are also associated with problems such as the lack of irrigation uniformity and out-of-stage, late herbicide applications.
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