Prey Capture, Ingestion, and Digestion Dynamics of Octopus vulgaris Paralarvae Fed Live Zooplankton
Octopus vulgaris is a species of great interest in research areas such as neurobiology, ethology, and ecology but also a candidate species for aquaculture as a food resource and for alleviating the fishing pressure on its wild populations. This study aimed to characterize the predatory behavior of O...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2017-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2017.00573/full |
| _version_ | 1818933573742231552 |
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| author | Manuel Nande Manuel Nande Pablo Presa Álvaro Roura Paul L. R. Andrews Montse Pérez |
| author_facet | Manuel Nande Manuel Nande Pablo Presa Álvaro Roura Paul L. R. Andrews Montse Pérez |
| author_sort | Manuel Nande |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Octopus vulgaris is a species of great interest in research areas such as neurobiology, ethology, and ecology but also a candidate species for aquaculture as a food resource and for alleviating the fishing pressure on its wild populations. This study aimed to characterize the predatory behavior of O. vulgaris paralarvae and to quantify their digestive activity. Those processes were affordable using the video-recording analysis of 3 days post-hatching (dph), mantle-transparent paralarvae feeding on 18 types of live zooplanktonic prey. We show for the first time in a live cephalopod that octopus paralarvae attack, immobilize, drill, and ingest live cladocerans and copepods with 100% efficiency, which decreases dramatically to 60% on decapod prey (Pisidia longicornis). The majority (85%) of successful attacks targeted the prey cephalothorax while unsuccessful attacks either targeted the dorsal cephalothorax or involved prey defensive strategies (e.g., juvenile crab megalopae) or prey protected by thick carapaces (e.g., gammaridae amphipods). After immobilization, the beak, the buccal mass and the radula were involved in exoskeleton penetration and content ingestion. Ingestion time of prey content was rapid for copepods and cladocerans (73.13 ± 23.34 s) but much slower for decapod zoeae and euphausiids (152.49 ± 29.40 s). Total contact time with prey was always <5 min. Contrary to the conventional view of crop filling dynamics observed in adult O. vulgaris, food accumulated first in the stomach of paralarvae and the crop filled after the stomach volume plateaued. Peristaltic crop contractions (~18/min) moved food into the stomach (contractions ~30/min) from where it passed to the caecum. Pigmented food particles were seen to enter the digestive gland, 312 ± 32 s after the crop reached its maximum volume. Digestive tract contents passed into the terminal intestine by peristalsis (contraction frequency ~50/min) and defaecation was accompanied by an increased frequency of mantle contractions. Current results provide novel insights into both, O. vulgaris paralarvae—live prey capture strategies and the physiological mechanisms following ingestion, providing key information required to develop an effective rearing protocol for O. vulgaris paralarvae. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T04:50:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fd414401ec7f4c8ab5429f6c7ced4bc0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T04:50:32Z |
| publishDate | 2017-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-fd414401ec7f4c8ab5429f6c7ced4bc02022-12-21T19:52:52ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2017-08-01810.3389/fphys.2017.00573265917Prey Capture, Ingestion, and Digestion Dynamics of Octopus vulgaris Paralarvae Fed Live ZooplanktonManuel Nande0Manuel Nande1Pablo Presa2Álvaro Roura3Paul L. R. Andrews4Montse Pérez5Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Faculty of Biology, University of VigoVigo, SpainGrupo de Acuicultura Marina, IEO-VigoVigo, SpainLaboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Faculty of Biology, University of VigoVigo, SpainECOBIOMAR, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasVigo, SpainDepartment of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton DohrnNapoli, ItalyGrupo de Acuicultura Marina, IEO-VigoVigo, SpainOctopus vulgaris is a species of great interest in research areas such as neurobiology, ethology, and ecology but also a candidate species for aquaculture as a food resource and for alleviating the fishing pressure on its wild populations. This study aimed to characterize the predatory behavior of O. vulgaris paralarvae and to quantify their digestive activity. Those processes were affordable using the video-recording analysis of 3 days post-hatching (dph), mantle-transparent paralarvae feeding on 18 types of live zooplanktonic prey. We show for the first time in a live cephalopod that octopus paralarvae attack, immobilize, drill, and ingest live cladocerans and copepods with 100% efficiency, which decreases dramatically to 60% on decapod prey (Pisidia longicornis). The majority (85%) of successful attacks targeted the prey cephalothorax while unsuccessful attacks either targeted the dorsal cephalothorax or involved prey defensive strategies (e.g., juvenile crab megalopae) or prey protected by thick carapaces (e.g., gammaridae amphipods). After immobilization, the beak, the buccal mass and the radula were involved in exoskeleton penetration and content ingestion. Ingestion time of prey content was rapid for copepods and cladocerans (73.13 ± 23.34 s) but much slower for decapod zoeae and euphausiids (152.49 ± 29.40 s). Total contact time with prey was always <5 min. Contrary to the conventional view of crop filling dynamics observed in adult O. vulgaris, food accumulated first in the stomach of paralarvae and the crop filled after the stomach volume plateaued. Peristaltic crop contractions (~18/min) moved food into the stomach (contractions ~30/min) from where it passed to the caecum. Pigmented food particles were seen to enter the digestive gland, 312 ± 32 s after the crop reached its maximum volume. Digestive tract contents passed into the terminal intestine by peristalsis (contraction frequency ~50/min) and defaecation was accompanied by an increased frequency of mantle contractions. Current results provide novel insights into both, O. vulgaris paralarvae—live prey capture strategies and the physiological mechanisms following ingestion, providing key information required to develop an effective rearing protocol for O. vulgaris paralarvae.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2017.00573/fulldigestion dynamicsdigestive tract motilitynutrition physiologyOctopus vulgaris paralarvaepredatory behaviorvideo analysis |
| spellingShingle | Manuel Nande Manuel Nande Pablo Presa Álvaro Roura Paul L. R. Andrews Montse Pérez Prey Capture, Ingestion, and Digestion Dynamics of Octopus vulgaris Paralarvae Fed Live Zooplankton Frontiers in Physiology digestion dynamics digestive tract motility nutrition physiology Octopus vulgaris paralarvae predatory behavior video analysis |
| title | Prey Capture, Ingestion, and Digestion Dynamics of Octopus vulgaris Paralarvae Fed Live Zooplankton |
| title_full | Prey Capture, Ingestion, and Digestion Dynamics of Octopus vulgaris Paralarvae Fed Live Zooplankton |
| title_fullStr | Prey Capture, Ingestion, and Digestion Dynamics of Octopus vulgaris Paralarvae Fed Live Zooplankton |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prey Capture, Ingestion, and Digestion Dynamics of Octopus vulgaris Paralarvae Fed Live Zooplankton |
| title_short | Prey Capture, Ingestion, and Digestion Dynamics of Octopus vulgaris Paralarvae Fed Live Zooplankton |
| title_sort | prey capture ingestion and digestion dynamics of octopus vulgaris paralarvae fed live zooplankton |
| topic | digestion dynamics digestive tract motility nutrition physiology Octopus vulgaris paralarvae predatory behavior video analysis |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2017.00573/full |
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