AB Toxins: A Paradigm Switch from Deadly to Desirable
To ensure their survival, a number of bacterial and plant species have evolved a common strategy to capture energy from other biological systems. Being imperfect pathogens, organisms synthesizing multi-subunit AB toxins are responsible for the mortality of millions of people and animals annually. Va...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2010-06-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/2/7/1612/ |
| _version_ | 1798041765339463680 |
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| author | Oludare Odumosu Dequina Nicholas Hiroshi Yano William Langridge |
| author_facet | Oludare Odumosu Dequina Nicholas Hiroshi Yano William Langridge |
| author_sort | Oludare Odumosu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To ensure their survival, a number of bacterial and plant species have evolved a common strategy to capture energy from other biological systems. Being imperfect pathogens, organisms synthesizing multi-subunit AB toxins are responsible for the mortality of millions of people and animals annually. Vaccination against these organisms and their toxins has proved rather ineffective in providing long-term protection from disease. In response to the debilitating effects of AB toxins on epithelial cells of the digestive mucosa, mechanisms underlying toxin immunomodulation of immune responses have become the focus of increasing experimentation. The results of these studies reveal that AB toxins may have a beneficial application as adjuvants for the enhancement of immune protection against infection and autoimmunity. Here, we examine similarities and differences in the structure and function of bacterial and plant AB toxins that underlie their toxicity and their exceptional properties as immunomodulators for stimulating immune responses against infectious disease and for immune suppression of organ-specific autoimmunity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:26:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fd43b4b78ae746a2b1308ddd6798f652 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:26:10Z |
| publishDate | 2010-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-fd43b4b78ae746a2b1308ddd6798f6522022-12-22T03:59:43ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512010-06-01271612164510.3390/toxins2071612AB Toxins: A Paradigm Switch from Deadly to DesirableOludare OdumosuDequina NicholasHiroshi YanoWilliam LangridgeTo ensure their survival, a number of bacterial and plant species have evolved a common strategy to capture energy from other biological systems. Being imperfect pathogens, organisms synthesizing multi-subunit AB toxins are responsible for the mortality of millions of people and animals annually. Vaccination against these organisms and their toxins has proved rather ineffective in providing long-term protection from disease. In response to the debilitating effects of AB toxins on epithelial cells of the digestive mucosa, mechanisms underlying toxin immunomodulation of immune responses have become the focus of increasing experimentation. The results of these studies reveal that AB toxins may have a beneficial application as adjuvants for the enhancement of immune protection against infection and autoimmunity. Here, we examine similarities and differences in the structure and function of bacterial and plant AB toxins that underlie their toxicity and their exceptional properties as immunomodulators for stimulating immune responses against infectious disease and for immune suppression of organ-specific autoimmunity.http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/2/7/1612/enterotoxinsadjuvantsAB toxinsimmunomodulationricinplantsvaccines |
| spellingShingle | Oludare Odumosu Dequina Nicholas Hiroshi Yano William Langridge AB Toxins: A Paradigm Switch from Deadly to Desirable Toxins enterotoxins adjuvants AB toxins immunomodulation ricin plants vaccines |
| title | AB Toxins: A Paradigm Switch from Deadly to Desirable |
| title_full | AB Toxins: A Paradigm Switch from Deadly to Desirable |
| title_fullStr | AB Toxins: A Paradigm Switch from Deadly to Desirable |
| title_full_unstemmed | AB Toxins: A Paradigm Switch from Deadly to Desirable |
| title_short | AB Toxins: A Paradigm Switch from Deadly to Desirable |
| title_sort | ab toxins a paradigm switch from deadly to desirable |
| topic | enterotoxins adjuvants AB toxins immunomodulation ricin plants vaccines |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/2/7/1612/ |
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