An Overview of the Dry Eye Disease in Sjögren’s Syndrome Using Our Current Molecular Understanding
Sjögren’s syndrome is a chronic and insidious auto-immune disease characterized by lymphocyte infiltration of exocrine glands. The patients typically present with ocular surface diseases related to dry eye and other systemic manifestations. However, due to the high prevalence of dry eye disease and...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-01-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/2/1580 |
| _version_ | 1797441189801099264 |
|---|---|
| author | Kevin Y. Wu Merve Kulbay Cristina Tanasescu Belinda Jiao Bich H. Nguyen Simon D. Tran |
| author_facet | Kevin Y. Wu Merve Kulbay Cristina Tanasescu Belinda Jiao Bich H. Nguyen Simon D. Tran |
| author_sort | Kevin Y. Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sjögren’s syndrome is a chronic and insidious auto-immune disease characterized by lymphocyte infiltration of exocrine glands. The patients typically present with ocular surface diseases related to dry eye and other systemic manifestations. However, due to the high prevalence of dry eye disease and the lack of objective and clinically reliable diagnostic tools, discriminating Sjögren’s syndrome dry eye (SSDE) from non-Sjögren’s syndrome dry eye (NSSDE) remains a challenge for clinicians. Diagnosing SS is important to improve the quality of life of patients through timely referral for systemic workups, as SS is associated with serious systemic complications such as lymphoma and other autoimmune diseases. The purpose of this article is to describe the current molecular understanding of Sjögren’s syndrome and its implications for novel diagnostic modalities on the horizon. A literature review of the pre-clinical and clinical studies published between 2016 and 2022 was conducted. The SSDE pathophysiology and immunology pathways have become better understood in recent years. Novel diagnostic modalities, such as tear and saliva proteomics as well as exosomal biomarkers, provide hope on the horizon. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:20:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fd53d16e98284060a5d7981207952287 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:20:24Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-fd53d16e98284060a5d79812079522872023-11-30T22:42:35ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-01-01242158010.3390/ijms24021580An Overview of the Dry Eye Disease in Sjögren’s Syndrome Using Our Current Molecular UnderstandingKevin Y. Wu0Merve Kulbay1Cristina Tanasescu2Belinda Jiao3Bich H. Nguyen4Simon D. Tran5Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, CanadaFaculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, CanadaSchool of Optometry, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1P1, CanadaDepartment of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, CanadaCHU Sainte Justine Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, CanadaFaculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, CanadaSjögren’s syndrome is a chronic and insidious auto-immune disease characterized by lymphocyte infiltration of exocrine glands. The patients typically present with ocular surface diseases related to dry eye and other systemic manifestations. However, due to the high prevalence of dry eye disease and the lack of objective and clinically reliable diagnostic tools, discriminating Sjögren’s syndrome dry eye (SSDE) from non-Sjögren’s syndrome dry eye (NSSDE) remains a challenge for clinicians. Diagnosing SS is important to improve the quality of life of patients through timely referral for systemic workups, as SS is associated with serious systemic complications such as lymphoma and other autoimmune diseases. The purpose of this article is to describe the current molecular understanding of Sjögren’s syndrome and its implications for novel diagnostic modalities on the horizon. A literature review of the pre-clinical and clinical studies published between 2016 and 2022 was conducted. The SSDE pathophysiology and immunology pathways have become better understood in recent years. Novel diagnostic modalities, such as tear and saliva proteomics as well as exosomal biomarkers, provide hope on the horizon.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/2/1580Sjögren syndromedry eyeocular surfacebasic researchpathophysiologyimmune pathway |
| spellingShingle | Kevin Y. Wu Merve Kulbay Cristina Tanasescu Belinda Jiao Bich H. Nguyen Simon D. Tran An Overview of the Dry Eye Disease in Sjögren’s Syndrome Using Our Current Molecular Understanding International Journal of Molecular Sciences Sjögren syndrome dry eye ocular surface basic research pathophysiology immune pathway |
| title | An Overview of the Dry Eye Disease in Sjögren’s Syndrome Using Our Current Molecular Understanding |
| title_full | An Overview of the Dry Eye Disease in Sjögren’s Syndrome Using Our Current Molecular Understanding |
| title_fullStr | An Overview of the Dry Eye Disease in Sjögren’s Syndrome Using Our Current Molecular Understanding |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Overview of the Dry Eye Disease in Sjögren’s Syndrome Using Our Current Molecular Understanding |
| title_short | An Overview of the Dry Eye Disease in Sjögren’s Syndrome Using Our Current Molecular Understanding |
| title_sort | overview of the dry eye disease in sjogren s syndrome using our current molecular understanding |
| topic | Sjögren syndrome dry eye ocular surface basic research pathophysiology immune pathway |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/2/1580 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kevinywu anoverviewofthedryeyediseaseinsjogrenssyndromeusingourcurrentmolecularunderstanding AT mervekulbay anoverviewofthedryeyediseaseinsjogrenssyndromeusingourcurrentmolecularunderstanding AT cristinatanasescu anoverviewofthedryeyediseaseinsjogrenssyndromeusingourcurrentmolecularunderstanding AT belindajiao anoverviewofthedryeyediseaseinsjogrenssyndromeusingourcurrentmolecularunderstanding AT bichhnguyen anoverviewofthedryeyediseaseinsjogrenssyndromeusingourcurrentmolecularunderstanding AT simondtran anoverviewofthedryeyediseaseinsjogrenssyndromeusingourcurrentmolecularunderstanding AT kevinywu overviewofthedryeyediseaseinsjogrenssyndromeusingourcurrentmolecularunderstanding AT mervekulbay overviewofthedryeyediseaseinsjogrenssyndromeusingourcurrentmolecularunderstanding AT cristinatanasescu overviewofthedryeyediseaseinsjogrenssyndromeusingourcurrentmolecularunderstanding AT belindajiao overviewofthedryeyediseaseinsjogrenssyndromeusingourcurrentmolecularunderstanding AT bichhnguyen overviewofthedryeyediseaseinsjogrenssyndromeusingourcurrentmolecularunderstanding AT simondtran overviewofthedryeyediseaseinsjogrenssyndromeusingourcurrentmolecularunderstanding |