A Novel Synchronization Scheme Based on a Dynamic Superframe for an Industrial Internet of Things in Underground Mining
The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has a wide range of applications, such as intelligent manufacturing, production process optimization, production equipment monitoring, etc. Due to the complex circumstance in underground mining, the performance of WSNs faces enormous challenges, such as data...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2019-01-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/3/504 |
| _version_ | 1811187682082029568 |
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| author | Aiping Tan Yuhuai Peng Xianli Su Haibin Tong Qingxu Deng |
| author_facet | Aiping Tan Yuhuai Peng Xianli Su Haibin Tong Qingxu Deng |
| author_sort | Aiping Tan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has a wide range of applications, such as intelligent manufacturing, production process optimization, production equipment monitoring, etc. Due to the complex circumstance in underground mining, the performance of WSNs faces enormous challenges, such as data transmission delay, packet loss rate, and so on. The MAC (Media Access Control) protocol based on TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) is an effective solution, but it needs to ensure the clock synchronization between the transmission nodes. As the key technology of IIoT, synchronization needs to consider the factors of tunnel structure, energy consumption, etc. Traditional synchronization methods, such as TPSN (Timing-sync Protocol for Sensor Networks), RBS (Reference Broadcast Synchronization), mainly focus on improving synchronization accuracy, ignoring the impact of the actual environment, cannot be directly applied to the IIoT in underground mining. In underground mining, there are two kinds of nodes: base-station node and sensor node, which have different topologies, so they constitute a hybrid topology. In this paper, according to hybrid topology of unground mining, a clock synchronization scheme based on a dynamic superframe is designed. In this scheme, the base-station and sensor have different synchronization methods, improving the TPSN and RBS algorithm, respectively, and adjusts the period of the superframe dynamically by estimating the clock offset. The synchronization scheme presented in this paper can reduce the network communication overhead and energy consumption, ensuring the synchronization accuracy. Based on theCC2530 (Asystem-on-chip solution for IEEE 802.15.4, Zigbee and RF4CE applications), the experiments are compared and analyzed, including synchronization accuracy, energy consumption, and robustness tests. Experimental results show that the synchronization accuracy of the proposed method is at least 11% higher than that of the existing methods, and the energy consumption can be reduced by approximately 13%. At the same time, the proposed method has better robustness. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T14:07:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fd54e63e94f142e693db47cc19586466 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T14:07:36Z |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-fd54e63e94f142e693db47cc195864662022-12-22T04:19:51ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202019-01-0119350410.3390/s19030504s19030504A Novel Synchronization Scheme Based on a Dynamic Superframe for an Industrial Internet of Things in Underground MiningAiping Tan0Yuhuai Peng1Xianli Su2Haibin Tong3Qingxu Deng4School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, ChinaSchool of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, ChinaSchool of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, ChinaSchool of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, ChinaSchool of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, ChinaThe Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has a wide range of applications, such as intelligent manufacturing, production process optimization, production equipment monitoring, etc. Due to the complex circumstance in underground mining, the performance of WSNs faces enormous challenges, such as data transmission delay, packet loss rate, and so on. The MAC (Media Access Control) protocol based on TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) is an effective solution, but it needs to ensure the clock synchronization between the transmission nodes. As the key technology of IIoT, synchronization needs to consider the factors of tunnel structure, energy consumption, etc. Traditional synchronization methods, such as TPSN (Timing-sync Protocol for Sensor Networks), RBS (Reference Broadcast Synchronization), mainly focus on improving synchronization accuracy, ignoring the impact of the actual environment, cannot be directly applied to the IIoT in underground mining. In underground mining, there are two kinds of nodes: base-station node and sensor node, which have different topologies, so they constitute a hybrid topology. In this paper, according to hybrid topology of unground mining, a clock synchronization scheme based on a dynamic superframe is designed. In this scheme, the base-station and sensor have different synchronization methods, improving the TPSN and RBS algorithm, respectively, and adjusts the period of the superframe dynamically by estimating the clock offset. The synchronization scheme presented in this paper can reduce the network communication overhead and energy consumption, ensuring the synchronization accuracy. Based on theCC2530 (Asystem-on-chip solution for IEEE 802.15.4, Zigbee and RF4CE applications), the experiments are compared and analyzed, including synchronization accuracy, energy consumption, and robustness tests. Experimental results show that the synchronization accuracy of the proposed method is at least 11% higher than that of the existing methods, and the energy consumption can be reduced by approximately 13%. At the same time, the proposed method has better robustness.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/3/504Clock synchronizationIndustrial Internet of Things (IIoT)hybrid topologydynamic superframeunderground mining |
| spellingShingle | Aiping Tan Yuhuai Peng Xianli Su Haibin Tong Qingxu Deng A Novel Synchronization Scheme Based on a Dynamic Superframe for an Industrial Internet of Things in Underground Mining Sensors Clock synchronization Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) hybrid topology dynamic superframe underground mining |
| title | A Novel Synchronization Scheme Based on a Dynamic Superframe for an Industrial Internet of Things in Underground Mining |
| title_full | A Novel Synchronization Scheme Based on a Dynamic Superframe for an Industrial Internet of Things in Underground Mining |
| title_fullStr | A Novel Synchronization Scheme Based on a Dynamic Superframe for an Industrial Internet of Things in Underground Mining |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Novel Synchronization Scheme Based on a Dynamic Superframe for an Industrial Internet of Things in Underground Mining |
| title_short | A Novel Synchronization Scheme Based on a Dynamic Superframe for an Industrial Internet of Things in Underground Mining |
| title_sort | novel synchronization scheme based on a dynamic superframe for an industrial internet of things in underground mining |
| topic | Clock synchronization Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) hybrid topology dynamic superframe underground mining |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/3/504 |
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