Study of Ancient Pottery from the Brazilian Amazon Coast by EDXRF, PIXE, XRD, Mössbauer Spectroscopy and Computed Radiography
This paper presents the application of five analytical methods to analyze ceramic fragments excavated in the archaeological sites of Sambaqui do Bacanga (SB), Sambaqui da Panaquatira (SP), and Rabo de Porco (RP) located on the Brazilian Amazon coast. It is a region that presents evidence of one of t...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Minerals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/12/10/1302 |
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| author | Renato Akio Ikeoka Carlos Roberto Appoloni Rosa Bernstein Scorzelli Edivaldo dos Santos Marcia de Almeida Rizzutto Arkley Marques Bandeira |
| author_facet | Renato Akio Ikeoka Carlos Roberto Appoloni Rosa Bernstein Scorzelli Edivaldo dos Santos Marcia de Almeida Rizzutto Arkley Marques Bandeira |
| author_sort | Renato Akio Ikeoka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper presents the application of five analytical methods to analyze ceramic fragments excavated in the archaeological sites of Sambaqui do Bacanga (SB), Sambaqui da Panaquatira (SP), and Rabo de Porco (RP) located on the Brazilian Amazon coast. It is a region that presents evidence of one of the oldest ceramic productions in the Americas. Characterization of ceramics from the three sites led to the identification of the production processes, technological acquisition and choices, and the origin of the raw materials. The analytical methods employed in this study were EDXRF, PIXE, Mössbauer spectroscopy, XRD, and computed radiography. It was concluded through the Mössbauer and XRD Spectroscopy analyses that the firing temperature range used on the ceramics was 750–900 °C, performed in an oxidizing environment. Fragments from the three archaeological sites were grouped into two groups through multivariate statistical analysis. The first group was composed of SB and SP samples, and the second of RP samples, indicating that different groups were manufactured with different clays. The result of the cluster analysis indicates that the clay used in the manufacture of the RP site fragments came from the bank of the Bacanga River. The ceramic fragments’ internal structures, observed by computed radiography, revealed the presence of various sizes and types of temper in the fragments, showing different production technologies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:43:56Z |
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| id | doaj.art-fd568f5ae7e6464b9f122b9fde5b917b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-163X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:43:56Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Minerals |
| spelling | doaj.art-fd568f5ae7e6464b9f122b9fde5b917b2023-11-24T01:30:18ZengMDPI AGMinerals2075-163X2022-10-011210130210.3390/min12101302Study of Ancient Pottery from the Brazilian Amazon Coast by EDXRF, PIXE, XRD, Mössbauer Spectroscopy and Computed RadiographyRenato Akio Ikeoka0Carlos Roberto Appoloni1Rosa Bernstein Scorzelli2Edivaldo dos Santos3Marcia de Almeida Rizzutto4Arkley Marques Bandeira5CCE, Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual de Londrina—UEL, Caixa Postal 10.011, Londrina 86057-970, BrazilCCE, Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual de Londrina—UEL, Caixa Postal 10.011, Londrina 86057-970, BrazilCentro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud, 150–Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-180, BrazilCentro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud, 150–Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-180, BrazilLaboratório de Análise de Materiais por Feixes Iônicos (LAMFI), Instituto de Física da Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, Rua do Matão Travessa R Nr.187, São Paulo 05508-090, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Cultura e Sociedade, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente de Ecossistemas Costeiros e, Departamento de Oceanografia e Limnologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966 Bacanga, São Luís 65080-805, BrazilThis paper presents the application of five analytical methods to analyze ceramic fragments excavated in the archaeological sites of Sambaqui do Bacanga (SB), Sambaqui da Panaquatira (SP), and Rabo de Porco (RP) located on the Brazilian Amazon coast. It is a region that presents evidence of one of the oldest ceramic productions in the Americas. Characterization of ceramics from the three sites led to the identification of the production processes, technological acquisition and choices, and the origin of the raw materials. The analytical methods employed in this study were EDXRF, PIXE, Mössbauer spectroscopy, XRD, and computed radiography. It was concluded through the Mössbauer and XRD Spectroscopy analyses that the firing temperature range used on the ceramics was 750–900 °C, performed in an oxidizing environment. Fragments from the three archaeological sites were grouped into two groups through multivariate statistical analysis. The first group was composed of SB and SP samples, and the second of RP samples, indicating that different groups were manufactured with different clays. The result of the cluster analysis indicates that the clay used in the manufacture of the RP site fragments came from the bank of the Bacanga River. The ceramic fragments’ internal structures, observed by computed radiography, revealed the presence of various sizes and types of temper in the fragments, showing different production technologies.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/12/10/1302ancient potteryEDXRFPIXEXRDMössbauer spectroscopy and computed radiography |
| spellingShingle | Renato Akio Ikeoka Carlos Roberto Appoloni Rosa Bernstein Scorzelli Edivaldo dos Santos Marcia de Almeida Rizzutto Arkley Marques Bandeira Study of Ancient Pottery from the Brazilian Amazon Coast by EDXRF, PIXE, XRD, Mössbauer Spectroscopy and Computed Radiography Minerals ancient pottery EDXRF PIXE XRD Mössbauer spectroscopy and computed radiography |
| title | Study of Ancient Pottery from the Brazilian Amazon Coast by EDXRF, PIXE, XRD, Mössbauer Spectroscopy and Computed Radiography |
| title_full | Study of Ancient Pottery from the Brazilian Amazon Coast by EDXRF, PIXE, XRD, Mössbauer Spectroscopy and Computed Radiography |
| title_fullStr | Study of Ancient Pottery from the Brazilian Amazon Coast by EDXRF, PIXE, XRD, Mössbauer Spectroscopy and Computed Radiography |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study of Ancient Pottery from the Brazilian Amazon Coast by EDXRF, PIXE, XRD, Mössbauer Spectroscopy and Computed Radiography |
| title_short | Study of Ancient Pottery from the Brazilian Amazon Coast by EDXRF, PIXE, XRD, Mössbauer Spectroscopy and Computed Radiography |
| title_sort | study of ancient pottery from the brazilian amazon coast by edxrf pixe xrd mossbauer spectroscopy and computed radiography |
| topic | ancient pottery EDXRF PIXE XRD Mössbauer spectroscopy and computed radiography |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/12/10/1302 |
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