Reversible Data Hiding Scheme Based on Quad-Tree and Pixel Value Ordering
This study proposes a reversible data hiding (RDH) scheme based on pixel value ordering (PVO). RDH schemes based on PVO technique generally realize the prediction procedure by employing the sorted pixels in a block-wise manner, and then embedding secret data by expanding the prediction errors. Since...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IEEE
2019-01-01
|
| Series: | IEEE Access |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8839029/ |
| _version_ | 1818447763383255040 |
|---|---|
| author | Jian-Jun Li Chin-Feng Lee Chin-Chen Chang Jiang-Yi Lin Yun-He Wu |
| author_facet | Jian-Jun Li Chin-Feng Lee Chin-Chen Chang Jiang-Yi Lin Yun-He Wu |
| author_sort | Jian-Jun Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study proposes a reversible data hiding (RDH) scheme based on pixel value ordering (PVO). RDH schemes based on PVO technique generally realize the prediction procedure by employing the sorted pixels in a block-wise manner, and then embedding secret data by expanding the prediction errors. Since these operations are carried out based on the block, and pixel intensity has spatial correlation such that the neighboring pixels have similar values, the block patterns and sizes certainly affect the embedding performance of the PVO-based RDH method. The original PVO-based RDH schemes use fixed block size. However, due to the differences in image complexity, fixed-size blocks have many limitations. Thus far, several methods that break the limitations have been proposed, such as setting a threshold value, and determine the size from the complexity of the block, using sliding window instead of fixed blocks. These methods significantly enhanced the embedding performance of PVO-based RDH schemes, but this can still be improved. The proposed scheme introduces the quad-tree structure, which combines the advantages of several previously proposed methods to design a flexible block patterns, thus fully utilizing the characteristics of the image itself in embedding secret data. Experimental results indicate that the proposed scheme is flexible and better than previous approaches. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T20:08:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fd5bf1de72ef497e86b6b308bc29e17a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T20:08:47Z |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj.art-fd5bf1de72ef497e86b6b308bc29e17a2022-12-21T22:48:58ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362019-01-01714294714296210.1109/ACCESS.2019.29415008839029Reversible Data Hiding Scheme Based on Quad-Tree and Pixel Value OrderingJian-Jun Li0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6658-9709Chin-Feng Lee1Chin-Chen Chang2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7319-5780Jiang-Yi Lin3Yun-He Wu4Department of Computer Science and Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Information Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, TaiwanDepartment of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung, TaiwanDepartment of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung, TaiwanDepartment of Computer Science and Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, ChinaThis study proposes a reversible data hiding (RDH) scheme based on pixel value ordering (PVO). RDH schemes based on PVO technique generally realize the prediction procedure by employing the sorted pixels in a block-wise manner, and then embedding secret data by expanding the prediction errors. Since these operations are carried out based on the block, and pixel intensity has spatial correlation such that the neighboring pixels have similar values, the block patterns and sizes certainly affect the embedding performance of the PVO-based RDH method. The original PVO-based RDH schemes use fixed block size. However, due to the differences in image complexity, fixed-size blocks have many limitations. Thus far, several methods that break the limitations have been proposed, such as setting a threshold value, and determine the size from the complexity of the block, using sliding window instead of fixed blocks. These methods significantly enhanced the embedding performance of PVO-based RDH schemes, but this can still be improved. The proposed scheme introduces the quad-tree structure, which combines the advantages of several previously proposed methods to design a flexible block patterns, thus fully utilizing the characteristics of the image itself in embedding secret data. Experimental results indicate that the proposed scheme is flexible and better than previous approaches.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8839029/Pixel value orderingprediction error expansionreversible data hidingquad-tree |
| spellingShingle | Jian-Jun Li Chin-Feng Lee Chin-Chen Chang Jiang-Yi Lin Yun-He Wu Reversible Data Hiding Scheme Based on Quad-Tree and Pixel Value Ordering IEEE Access Pixel value ordering prediction error expansion reversible data hiding quad-tree |
| title | Reversible Data Hiding Scheme Based on Quad-Tree and Pixel Value Ordering |
| title_full | Reversible Data Hiding Scheme Based on Quad-Tree and Pixel Value Ordering |
| title_fullStr | Reversible Data Hiding Scheme Based on Quad-Tree and Pixel Value Ordering |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reversible Data Hiding Scheme Based on Quad-Tree and Pixel Value Ordering |
| title_short | Reversible Data Hiding Scheme Based on Quad-Tree and Pixel Value Ordering |
| title_sort | reversible data hiding scheme based on quad tree and pixel value ordering |
| topic | Pixel value ordering prediction error expansion reversible data hiding quad-tree |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8839029/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jianjunli reversibledatahidingschemebasedonquadtreeandpixelvalueordering AT chinfenglee reversibledatahidingschemebasedonquadtreeandpixelvalueordering AT chinchenchang reversibledatahidingschemebasedonquadtreeandpixelvalueordering AT jiangyilin reversibledatahidingschemebasedonquadtreeandpixelvalueordering AT yunhewu reversibledatahidingschemebasedonquadtreeandpixelvalueordering |