Rodent models of pulmonary embolism and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third most prevalent cardiovascular disease. It is associated with high in-hospital mortality and the development of acute and chronic complications. New approaches aimed at improving the prognosis of patients with PE are largely dependent on reliable animal models. Mi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022003024 |
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| author | Andrei A. Karpov Dariya D. Vaulina Sergey S. Smirnov Olga M. Moiseeva Michael M. Galagudza |
| author_facet | Andrei A. Karpov Dariya D. Vaulina Sergey S. Smirnov Olga M. Moiseeva Michael M. Galagudza |
| author_sort | Andrei A. Karpov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third most prevalent cardiovascular disease. It is associated with high in-hospital mortality and the development of acute and chronic complications. New approaches aimed at improving the prognosis of patients with PE are largely dependent on reliable animal models. Mice, rats, hamsters, and rabbits, are currently most commonly used for PE modeling because of their ethical acceptability and economic feasibility. This article provides an overview of the main approaches to PE modeling, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Special attention is paid to experimental endpoints, including morphological, functional, and molecular endpoints. All approaches to PE modeling can be broadly divided into three main groups: 1) induction of thromboembolism, either by thrombus formation in vivo or by injection of in vitro prepared blood clots; 2) introduction of particles of non-thrombotic origin; and 3) surgical procedures. The choice of a specific model and animal species is determined based on the objectives of the study. Rodent models of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), which is the most devastating complication of PE, are also described. CTEPH models are especially challenging because of insufficient knowledge about the pathogenesis and high fibrinolytic activity of rodent plasma. The CTEPH model should demonstrate a persistent increase in pulmonary artery pressure and stable reduction of the vascular bed due to recurrent embolism. Based on the analysis of available evidence, one might conclude that currently, there is no single optimal method for modeling PE and CTEPH. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T05:45:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fd6c58e132494b75be75d4722b564b75 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T05:45:27Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-fd6c58e132494b75be75d4722b564b752022-12-21T23:14:54ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402022-03-0183e09014Rodent models of pulmonary embolism and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertensionAndrei A. Karpov0Dariya D. Vaulina1Sergey S. Smirnov2Olga M. Moiseeva3Michael M. Galagudza4Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia; Saint Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia; Corresponding author.Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, RussiaAlmazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, RussiaAlmazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, RussiaAlmazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia; Corresponding author.Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third most prevalent cardiovascular disease. It is associated with high in-hospital mortality and the development of acute and chronic complications. New approaches aimed at improving the prognosis of patients with PE are largely dependent on reliable animal models. Mice, rats, hamsters, and rabbits, are currently most commonly used for PE modeling because of their ethical acceptability and economic feasibility. This article provides an overview of the main approaches to PE modeling, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Special attention is paid to experimental endpoints, including morphological, functional, and molecular endpoints. All approaches to PE modeling can be broadly divided into three main groups: 1) induction of thromboembolism, either by thrombus formation in vivo or by injection of in vitro prepared blood clots; 2) introduction of particles of non-thrombotic origin; and 3) surgical procedures. The choice of a specific model and animal species is determined based on the objectives of the study. Rodent models of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), which is the most devastating complication of PE, are also described. CTEPH models are especially challenging because of insufficient knowledge about the pathogenesis and high fibrinolytic activity of rodent plasma. The CTEPH model should demonstrate a persistent increase in pulmonary artery pressure and stable reduction of the vascular bed due to recurrent embolism. Based on the analysis of available evidence, one might conclude that currently, there is no single optimal method for modeling PE and CTEPH.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022003024Pulmonary embolismChronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertensionAnimal modelMiceRatsRabbits |
| spellingShingle | Andrei A. Karpov Dariya D. Vaulina Sergey S. Smirnov Olga M. Moiseeva Michael M. Galagudza Rodent models of pulmonary embolism and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension Heliyon Pulmonary embolism Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension Animal model Mice Rats Rabbits |
| title | Rodent models of pulmonary embolism and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension |
| title_full | Rodent models of pulmonary embolism and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension |
| title_fullStr | Rodent models of pulmonary embolism and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rodent models of pulmonary embolism and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension |
| title_short | Rodent models of pulmonary embolism and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension |
| title_sort | rodent models of pulmonary embolism and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension |
| topic | Pulmonary embolism Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension Animal model Mice Rats Rabbits |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022003024 |
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