Effect of High-Fructose Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome on the Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Male Rats
Plasma testosterone levels have been found to decrease in older insulin-resistant male patients. Both lower total testosterone levels and a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome have also been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of high-fructose diet-induced diabetes on b...
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/12/3009 |
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| author | Shih-Min Hsia Yi-Fen Chiang Hsin-Yuan Chen Mohamed Ali Paulus S. Wang Kai-Lee Wang |
| author_facet | Shih-Min Hsia Yi-Fen Chiang Hsin-Yuan Chen Mohamed Ali Paulus S. Wang Kai-Lee Wang |
| author_sort | Shih-Min Hsia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Plasma testosterone levels have been found to decrease in older insulin-resistant male patients. Both lower total testosterone levels and a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome have also been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of high-fructose diet-induced diabetes on both the testosterone release by Leydig cells and the activity of the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis in male rats. Male rats were fed with either standard chow (control group) or a high-fructose diet (fructose-fed group) for 21 weeks. Hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hypertension were observed in the fructose-fed group. Moreover, plasma testosterone and LH levels decreased in the fructose-fed group compared to the control group. Sperm motility was also reduced by 15% in the fructose-fed rats. In contrast, the basal release of testosterone from rat Leydig cells was not altered by fructose feeding. Moreover, in vitro studies showed that the testosterone release, in response to different stimulants, including forskolin (an adenylyl cyclase activator, 10<sup>−5</sup> M), 8-Br-cAMP (a permeable analog of cAMP, 10<sup>−5</sup> M), A23187 (a calcium ionophore, 10<sup>−5</sup> M), or 25-hydroxy-cholesterol (water-soluble cholesterol, 10<sup>−5</sup> M), did not significantly differ between the fructose-fed and control groups. Interestingly, the release of testosterone in response to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, 0.05 IU/mL) was enhanced by eightfold in the control group, but elevenfold in the fructose-fed group. LH receptor expression in rat Leydig cells was also increased. Moreover, LH secretion from the anterior pituitary was altered in the fructose diet-fed group. These results suggest that fructose diet-fed rats have lower plasma testosterone levels, which can lead to a higher sensitivity of hCG in Leydig cells. |
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| language | English |
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| spelling | doaj.art-fd7269cb42814fcd842b074c60b3714f2023-11-24T13:25:08ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592022-11-011012300910.3390/biomedicines10123009Effect of High-Fructose Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome on the Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Male RatsShih-Min Hsia0Yi-Fen Chiang1Hsin-Yuan Chen2Mohamed Ali3Paulus S. Wang4Kai-Lee Wang5School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, TaiwanSchool of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, TaiwanSchool of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, TaiwanClinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, EgyptDepartment of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, TaiwanSchool of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, TaiwanPlasma testosterone levels have been found to decrease in older insulin-resistant male patients. Both lower total testosterone levels and a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome have also been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of high-fructose diet-induced diabetes on both the testosterone release by Leydig cells and the activity of the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis in male rats. Male rats were fed with either standard chow (control group) or a high-fructose diet (fructose-fed group) for 21 weeks. Hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hypertension were observed in the fructose-fed group. Moreover, plasma testosterone and LH levels decreased in the fructose-fed group compared to the control group. Sperm motility was also reduced by 15% in the fructose-fed rats. In contrast, the basal release of testosterone from rat Leydig cells was not altered by fructose feeding. Moreover, in vitro studies showed that the testosterone release, in response to different stimulants, including forskolin (an adenylyl cyclase activator, 10<sup>−5</sup> M), 8-Br-cAMP (a permeable analog of cAMP, 10<sup>−5</sup> M), A23187 (a calcium ionophore, 10<sup>−5</sup> M), or 25-hydroxy-cholesterol (water-soluble cholesterol, 10<sup>−5</sup> M), did not significantly differ between the fructose-fed and control groups. Interestingly, the release of testosterone in response to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, 0.05 IU/mL) was enhanced by eightfold in the control group, but elevenfold in the fructose-fed group. LH receptor expression in rat Leydig cells was also increased. Moreover, LH secretion from the anterior pituitary was altered in the fructose diet-fed group. These results suggest that fructose diet-fed rats have lower plasma testosterone levels, which can lead to a higher sensitivity of hCG in Leydig cells.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/12/3009diabetestestosteroneLeydig cellshypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis |
| spellingShingle | Shih-Min Hsia Yi-Fen Chiang Hsin-Yuan Chen Mohamed Ali Paulus S. Wang Kai-Lee Wang Effect of High-Fructose Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome on the Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Male Rats Biomedicines diabetes testosterone Leydig cells hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis |
| title | Effect of High-Fructose Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome on the Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Male Rats |
| title_full | Effect of High-Fructose Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome on the Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Male Rats |
| title_fullStr | Effect of High-Fructose Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome on the Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Male Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of High-Fructose Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome on the Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Male Rats |
| title_short | Effect of High-Fructose Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome on the Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Male Rats |
| title_sort | effect of high fructose diet induced metabolic syndrome on the pituitary gonadal axis in male rats |
| topic | diabetes testosterone Leydig cells hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/12/3009 |
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