Influence of NOM on the Stability of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Ecotoxicity Tests
Nanomaterials are known to aggregate in the presence of ions. Similarly, the aggregation of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) exposed to various ions such as sodium chloride and calcium chloride in water systems increases with the ionic strength. Therefore, for accurate toxicity studies, it is nece...
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/18/6431 |
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| author | Byoung-cheun Lee Gilsang Hong Hyejin Lee Pyeongsoon Kim Do-Yeon Seo Gukhwa Hwang Geunbae Kim Pilje Kim |
| author_facet | Byoung-cheun Lee Gilsang Hong Hyejin Lee Pyeongsoon Kim Do-Yeon Seo Gukhwa Hwang Geunbae Kim Pilje Kim |
| author_sort | Byoung-cheun Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nanomaterials are known to aggregate in the presence of ions. Similarly, the aggregation of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) exposed to various ions such as sodium chloride and calcium chloride in water systems increases with the ionic strength. Therefore, for accurate toxicity studies, it is necessary to conduct a test using natural organic matters (NOMs) as additional dispersants that strengthen stability with increased repulsive forces. The three types of ecotoxicity tests based on the dispersion stability test using NOM showed that the toxicities of the three test samples decreased in the presence of NOM. To determine how NOM improved dispersion and reduced toxicities, we analyzed the ionization degree of ZnO NPs with and without NOM and found that the solubility was below 2 mg/L with a negligible change over time, implying that the ionization effect was low. The absolute value of the surface charge of particles increased in the presence of NOM, resulting in increased repulsive electrostatic forces and steric hindrance, causing less aggregation and more dispersion. Additionally, although the NOM used in the test is considered an effective dispersant that does not have a toxicological effect on aquatic organisms, the presence of NOM resulted in reduced toxicities and should be further investigated to establish it as a standard test method. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:19:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fd90d52173d8400f89b6c5695639a95b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:19:09Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-fd90d52173d8400f89b6c5695639a95b2023-11-20T13:51:17ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172020-09-011018643110.3390/app10186431Influence of NOM on the Stability of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Ecotoxicity TestsByoung-cheun Lee0Gilsang Hong1Hyejin Lee2Pyeongsoon Kim3Do-Yeon Seo4Gukhwa Hwang5Geunbae Kim6Pilje Kim7Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, KoreaRisk Assessment Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, KoreaRisk Assessment Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, KoreaRisk Assessment Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, KoreaRisk Assessment Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, KoreaDepartment of Mineral Resources and Energy Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, KoreaRisk Assessment Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, KoreaRisk Assessment Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, KoreaNanomaterials are known to aggregate in the presence of ions. Similarly, the aggregation of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) exposed to various ions such as sodium chloride and calcium chloride in water systems increases with the ionic strength. Therefore, for accurate toxicity studies, it is necessary to conduct a test using natural organic matters (NOMs) as additional dispersants that strengthen stability with increased repulsive forces. The three types of ecotoxicity tests based on the dispersion stability test using NOM showed that the toxicities of the three test samples decreased in the presence of NOM. To determine how NOM improved dispersion and reduced toxicities, we analyzed the ionization degree of ZnO NPs with and without NOM and found that the solubility was below 2 mg/L with a negligible change over time, implying that the ionization effect was low. The absolute value of the surface charge of particles increased in the presence of NOM, resulting in increased repulsive electrostatic forces and steric hindrance, causing less aggregation and more dispersion. Additionally, although the NOM used in the test is considered an effective dispersant that does not have a toxicological effect on aquatic organisms, the presence of NOM resulted in reduced toxicities and should be further investigated to establish it as a standard test method.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/18/6431nanoparticleszinc oxideecotoxicitynatural organic matters |
| spellingShingle | Byoung-cheun Lee Gilsang Hong Hyejin Lee Pyeongsoon Kim Do-Yeon Seo Gukhwa Hwang Geunbae Kim Pilje Kim Influence of NOM on the Stability of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Ecotoxicity Tests Applied Sciences nanoparticles zinc oxide ecotoxicity natural organic matters |
| title | Influence of NOM on the Stability of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Ecotoxicity Tests |
| title_full | Influence of NOM on the Stability of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Ecotoxicity Tests |
| title_fullStr | Influence of NOM on the Stability of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Ecotoxicity Tests |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of NOM on the Stability of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Ecotoxicity Tests |
| title_short | Influence of NOM on the Stability of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Ecotoxicity Tests |
| title_sort | influence of nom on the stability of zinc oxide nanoparticles in ecotoxicity tests |
| topic | nanoparticles zinc oxide ecotoxicity natural organic matters |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/18/6431 |
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