The Effects of Resistance Training on Physical Fitness and Neuromotor-Cognitive Functions in Adults With Down Syndrome
Adults with Down syndrome are an underserved population at high risk for a host of different pathologies from aging and lack of activity.PurposeTo examine the effects of a 10-week resistance training program on measures of motor behavior, cognitive function, mood, and physical fitness.MethodsPartici...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fresc.2022.927629/full |
| _version_ | 1828073620186857472 |
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| author | Emily M. Post Emily M. Post William J. Kraemer William J. Kraemer Madison L. Kackley Lydia K. Caldwell Lydia K. Caldwell Jeff S. Volek Barbara N. Sanchez Brian C. Focht Robert U. Newton Keijo Häkkinen Carl M. Maresh |
| author_facet | Emily M. Post Emily M. Post William J. Kraemer William J. Kraemer Madison L. Kackley Lydia K. Caldwell Lydia K. Caldwell Jeff S. Volek Barbara N. Sanchez Brian C. Focht Robert U. Newton Keijo Häkkinen Carl M. Maresh |
| author_sort | Emily M. Post |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Adults with Down syndrome are an underserved population at high risk for a host of different pathologies from aging and lack of activity.PurposeTo examine the effects of a 10-week resistance training program on measures of motor behavior, cognitive function, mood, and physical fitness.MethodsParticipants (n = 11) were men and women clinically diagnosed with Down syndrome (age: 25.8 ± 6.4 years; height: 151.5 ± 8.3 cm; weight: 67.5 ± 13.0 kg; IQ: 58.3 ± 19.7 units). After familiarization of testing procedures, subjects performed The Arizona Cognitive Test Battery for Down Syndrome, TGMD-2, lower and upper body strength assessments, and body composition via DXA testing, while parental guardians completed cognitive and mood survey assessments (Cognitive Scale for Down Syndrome, Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function, NiSonger Child Behavior Rating Form, Scales of Independent Behavior-Revised, Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire, Social Communication Questionnaire, and Mood and Feelings Questionnaire) at pre and post 10 weeks of periodized resistance training.ResultsSignificant (P ≤ 0.05) improvements in locomotor skills and object control skills were observed post-training. Both locomotor skills (e.g., sprint, gallop, leaping, broad jump) and object control skills (e.g., baseball catch, underhand roll, basketball dribble) were all significantly improved. Facets of cognitive performance significantly improved, specifically executive function and visuospatial working memory capacity, and frontal lobe activity. Mood disturbances significantly decrease. All aspects of physical strength and endurance were improved, i.e., leg press, bench press, sit-ups, push-ups, and chair sit-to-stand post-training. Lean tissue mass was significantly increased post-training.ConclusionThis study dramatically demonstrates that life enhancements for individuals with Down syndrome are achievable with a properly designed resistance training program. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T01:32:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fd983f370af94cca9f8f031859798a01 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-6861 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T01:32:06Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-fd983f370af94cca9f8f031859798a012023-01-03T09:35:24ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences2673-68612022-06-01310.3389/fresc.2022.927629927629The Effects of Resistance Training on Physical Fitness and Neuromotor-Cognitive Functions in Adults With Down SyndromeEmily M. Post0Emily M. Post1William J. Kraemer2William J. Kraemer3Madison L. Kackley4Lydia K. Caldwell5Lydia K. Caldwell6Jeff S. Volek7Barbara N. Sanchez8Brian C. Focht9Robert U. Newton10Keijo Häkkinen11Carl M. Maresh12Department of Exercise Science, Ohio Dominican University, Columbus, OH, United StatesDepartment of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United StatesDepartment of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United StatesExercise Medicine Research Institute, and School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, AustraliaDepartment of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United StatesDepartment of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United StatesKinesiology, Health Promotion and Recreation, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United StatesDepartment of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United StatesDepartment of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United StatesDepartment of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United StatesExercise Medicine Research Institute, and School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, AustraliaNeuromuscular Research Center, Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FinlandDepartment of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United StatesAdults with Down syndrome are an underserved population at high risk for a host of different pathologies from aging and lack of activity.PurposeTo examine the effects of a 10-week resistance training program on measures of motor behavior, cognitive function, mood, and physical fitness.MethodsParticipants (n = 11) were men and women clinically diagnosed with Down syndrome (age: 25.8 ± 6.4 years; height: 151.5 ± 8.3 cm; weight: 67.5 ± 13.0 kg; IQ: 58.3 ± 19.7 units). After familiarization of testing procedures, subjects performed The Arizona Cognitive Test Battery for Down Syndrome, TGMD-2, lower and upper body strength assessments, and body composition via DXA testing, while parental guardians completed cognitive and mood survey assessments (Cognitive Scale for Down Syndrome, Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function, NiSonger Child Behavior Rating Form, Scales of Independent Behavior-Revised, Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire, Social Communication Questionnaire, and Mood and Feelings Questionnaire) at pre and post 10 weeks of periodized resistance training.ResultsSignificant (P ≤ 0.05) improvements in locomotor skills and object control skills were observed post-training. Both locomotor skills (e.g., sprint, gallop, leaping, broad jump) and object control skills (e.g., baseball catch, underhand roll, basketball dribble) were all significantly improved. Facets of cognitive performance significantly improved, specifically executive function and visuospatial working memory capacity, and frontal lobe activity. Mood disturbances significantly decrease. All aspects of physical strength and endurance were improved, i.e., leg press, bench press, sit-ups, push-ups, and chair sit-to-stand post-training. Lean tissue mass was significantly increased post-training.ConclusionThis study dramatically demonstrates that life enhancements for individuals with Down syndrome are achievable with a properly designed resistance training program.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fresc.2022.927629/fullexercisecognitionmotor skillTrisomy 21strengthspecial populations |
| spellingShingle | Emily M. Post Emily M. Post William J. Kraemer William J. Kraemer Madison L. Kackley Lydia K. Caldwell Lydia K. Caldwell Jeff S. Volek Barbara N. Sanchez Brian C. Focht Robert U. Newton Keijo Häkkinen Carl M. Maresh The Effects of Resistance Training on Physical Fitness and Neuromotor-Cognitive Functions in Adults With Down Syndrome Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences exercise cognition motor skill Trisomy 21 strength special populations |
| title | The Effects of Resistance Training on Physical Fitness and Neuromotor-Cognitive Functions in Adults With Down Syndrome |
| title_full | The Effects of Resistance Training on Physical Fitness and Neuromotor-Cognitive Functions in Adults With Down Syndrome |
| title_fullStr | The Effects of Resistance Training on Physical Fitness and Neuromotor-Cognitive Functions in Adults With Down Syndrome |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effects of Resistance Training on Physical Fitness and Neuromotor-Cognitive Functions in Adults With Down Syndrome |
| title_short | The Effects of Resistance Training on Physical Fitness and Neuromotor-Cognitive Functions in Adults With Down Syndrome |
| title_sort | effects of resistance training on physical fitness and neuromotor cognitive functions in adults with down syndrome |
| topic | exercise cognition motor skill Trisomy 21 strength special populations |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fresc.2022.927629/full |
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