Quality Control and Authentication of Black Betel Leaf Extract (<i>Piper acre</i> Blume) from East Kalimantan as an Antimicrobial Agent Using a Combination of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Chemometric Fourier Transform Infrared
Black betel leaf from East Kalimantan contains various secondary metabolites such as alkaloid saponins, flavonoids, and tannins. A compound, piperenamide A, which has antimicrobial activity, is also found in black betel leaf. This study aims to identify and authenticate the compound piperenamide A f...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/15/5666 |
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| author | Vina Maulidya Aliya Nur Hasanah Laode Rijai Muchtaridi Muchtaridi |
| author_facet | Vina Maulidya Aliya Nur Hasanah Laode Rijai Muchtaridi Muchtaridi |
| author_sort | Vina Maulidya |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Black betel leaf from East Kalimantan contains various secondary metabolites such as alkaloid saponins, flavonoids, and tannins. A compound, piperenamide A, which has antimicrobial activity, is also found in black betel leaf. This study aims to identify and authenticate the compound piperenamide A found in black betel leaf extract in other types of betel plant using HPLC and FTIR-chemometrics. The extraction method used was maceration with 70% ethanol solvent. Determination of piperenamide A content in black betel leaf extract was via HPLC column C18, with a maximum wavelength of 259 nm and a mobile phase of water:acetonitrile at a flow rate of 1 mL/minute. From the results, piperenamide A was only found in black betel (<i>Piper acre</i>) and not in <i>Piper betel</i> and <i>Piper crocatum</i>. Piperenamide A levels obtained were 4.03, 6.84, 5.35, 13.85, and 2.15%, respectively, in the samples studied. The combination of FTIR spectra with chemometric methods such as PCA and PLS-DA was used to distinguish the three types of betel. Discriminant analysis can classify black betel (<i>Piper acre</i>), <i>Piper betel</i>, and <i>Piper crocatum</i> according to its type. These methods can be used for identification and authentication of black betel. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:22:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fd98dea66aaf4932b97568b48eec814c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:22:02Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-fd98dea66aaf4932b97568b48eec814c2023-11-18T23:17:14ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-07-012815566610.3390/molecules28155666Quality Control and Authentication of Black Betel Leaf Extract (<i>Piper acre</i> Blume) from East Kalimantan as an Antimicrobial Agent Using a Combination of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Chemometric Fourier Transform InfraredVina Maulidya0Aliya Nur Hasanah1Laode Rijai2Muchtaridi Muchtaridi3Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjajaran, Jl. Raya Jatinangor Km 21.5 Bandung-Sumedang, Bandung 45363, IndonesiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjajaran, Jl. Raya Jatinangor Km 21.5 Bandung-Sumedang, Bandung 45363, IndonesiaFaculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda 75119, IndonesiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjajaran, Jl. Raya Jatinangor Km 21.5 Bandung-Sumedang, Bandung 45363, IndonesiaBlack betel leaf from East Kalimantan contains various secondary metabolites such as alkaloid saponins, flavonoids, and tannins. A compound, piperenamide A, which has antimicrobial activity, is also found in black betel leaf. This study aims to identify and authenticate the compound piperenamide A found in black betel leaf extract in other types of betel plant using HPLC and FTIR-chemometrics. The extraction method used was maceration with 70% ethanol solvent. Determination of piperenamide A content in black betel leaf extract was via HPLC column C18, with a maximum wavelength of 259 nm and a mobile phase of water:acetonitrile at a flow rate of 1 mL/minute. From the results, piperenamide A was only found in black betel (<i>Piper acre</i>) and not in <i>Piper betel</i> and <i>Piper crocatum</i>. Piperenamide A levels obtained were 4.03, 6.84, 5.35, 13.85, and 2.15%, respectively, in the samples studied. The combination of FTIR spectra with chemometric methods such as PCA and PLS-DA was used to distinguish the three types of betel. Discriminant analysis can classify black betel (<i>Piper acre</i>), <i>Piper betel</i>, and <i>Piper crocatum</i> according to its type. These methods can be used for identification and authentication of black betel.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/15/5666ethanol extractblack betelpiperenamide AHPLCFTIRPCA |
| spellingShingle | Vina Maulidya Aliya Nur Hasanah Laode Rijai Muchtaridi Muchtaridi Quality Control and Authentication of Black Betel Leaf Extract (<i>Piper acre</i> Blume) from East Kalimantan as an Antimicrobial Agent Using a Combination of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Chemometric Fourier Transform Infrared Molecules ethanol extract black betel piperenamide A HPLC FTIR PCA |
| title | Quality Control and Authentication of Black Betel Leaf Extract (<i>Piper acre</i> Blume) from East Kalimantan as an Antimicrobial Agent Using a Combination of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Chemometric Fourier Transform Infrared |
| title_full | Quality Control and Authentication of Black Betel Leaf Extract (<i>Piper acre</i> Blume) from East Kalimantan as an Antimicrobial Agent Using a Combination of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Chemometric Fourier Transform Infrared |
| title_fullStr | Quality Control and Authentication of Black Betel Leaf Extract (<i>Piper acre</i> Blume) from East Kalimantan as an Antimicrobial Agent Using a Combination of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Chemometric Fourier Transform Infrared |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quality Control and Authentication of Black Betel Leaf Extract (<i>Piper acre</i> Blume) from East Kalimantan as an Antimicrobial Agent Using a Combination of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Chemometric Fourier Transform Infrared |
| title_short | Quality Control and Authentication of Black Betel Leaf Extract (<i>Piper acre</i> Blume) from East Kalimantan as an Antimicrobial Agent Using a Combination of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Chemometric Fourier Transform Infrared |
| title_sort | quality control and authentication of black betel leaf extract i piper acre i blume from east kalimantan as an antimicrobial agent using a combination of high performance liquid chromatography and chemometric fourier transform infrared |
| topic | ethanol extract black betel piperenamide A HPLC FTIR PCA |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/15/5666 |
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