<i>Fusarium</i> Fungi and Mycotoxins in Bee Pollen Collected in Lithuania
This paper presents the results of a study which was aimed at determining the concentration of <i>Fusarium</i> fungi and their mycotoxins in fresh bee pollen, stored for different periods. The analysed parameters included palynological analysis, moisture content, fungal counts, identific...
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| author | Jolanta Sinkevičienė Živilė Tarasevičienė Vytautas Tamutis |
| author_facet | Jolanta Sinkevičienė Živilė Tarasevičienė Vytautas Tamutis |
| author_sort | Jolanta Sinkevičienė |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper presents the results of a study which was aimed at determining the concentration of <i>Fusarium</i> fungi and their mycotoxins in fresh bee pollen, stored for different periods. The analysed parameters included palynological analysis, moisture content, fungal counts, identification and toxigenic profiles. In this study, 45 bee pollen samples collected from the same apiary families were investigated. Palynological analysis determined six plant families, among which <i>Brassicaceae</i> prevailed. The number of detected isolates in the bee pollen during the study period ranged from 3.5 × 10<sup>3</sup> to 9.1 × 10<sup>4</sup> cfu g<sup>−1</sup>. During the study, the most prevalent fungal genera of <i>Alternaria</i>, <i>Cladosporium</i> and Yeasts were found in fresh bee pollen. The significantly highest amounts of fungal colonies were determined after 3 days of storage of undried pollen. <i>Fusarium</i> fungal genera were detected in 46% of all studied samples, with levels ranging from 10<sup>1</sup> cfu g<sup>−1</sup>. After 3 days of storage, the most significant <i>Fusarium</i> spp. increase (17.03%) was detected. <i>F</i>. <i>graminearum</i> and <i>F. sporotrichioides</i> prevailed during the whole period of the study. The highest concentrations of mycotoxins ZEN (280 µg kg<sup>−1</sup>) and DON (120 µg kg<sup>−1</sup>) were found after 3 days of pollen storage. The results of the present study report the importance of microbiological and mycotoxicological analyses in monitoring bee pollen from the initial stages of its production process. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:53:35Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:53:35Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-fdb1760b51fb4bcfaa2bf36310d7c45a2023-11-16T16:07:42ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-01-01133157110.3390/app13031571<i>Fusarium</i> Fungi and Mycotoxins in Bee Pollen Collected in LithuaniaJolanta Sinkevičienė0Živilė Tarasevičienė1Vytautas Tamutis2Department of Agroecosystems and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, Agriculture Academy, Vytautas Magnus University, Donelaičio Str. 58, LT-44248 Kaunas, LithuaniaDepartment of Plants Biology and Food Science, Faculty of Agronomy, Agriculture Academy, Vytautas Magnus University, Donelaičio Str. 58, LT-44248 Kaunas, LithuaniaDivision of Dendrology and Phytopathology Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University Botanical Garden, Žiliberio Str. 6, LT-46324 Kaunas, LithuaniaThis paper presents the results of a study which was aimed at determining the concentration of <i>Fusarium</i> fungi and their mycotoxins in fresh bee pollen, stored for different periods. The analysed parameters included palynological analysis, moisture content, fungal counts, identification and toxigenic profiles. In this study, 45 bee pollen samples collected from the same apiary families were investigated. Palynological analysis determined six plant families, among which <i>Brassicaceae</i> prevailed. The number of detected isolates in the bee pollen during the study period ranged from 3.5 × 10<sup>3</sup> to 9.1 × 10<sup>4</sup> cfu g<sup>−1</sup>. During the study, the most prevalent fungal genera of <i>Alternaria</i>, <i>Cladosporium</i> and Yeasts were found in fresh bee pollen. The significantly highest amounts of fungal colonies were determined after 3 days of storage of undried pollen. <i>Fusarium</i> fungal genera were detected in 46% of all studied samples, with levels ranging from 10<sup>1</sup> cfu g<sup>−1</sup>. After 3 days of storage, the most significant <i>Fusarium</i> spp. increase (17.03%) was detected. <i>F</i>. <i>graminearum</i> and <i>F. sporotrichioides</i> prevailed during the whole period of the study. The highest concentrations of mycotoxins ZEN (280 µg kg<sup>−1</sup>) and DON (120 µg kg<sup>−1</sup>) were found after 3 days of pollen storage. The results of the present study report the importance of microbiological and mycotoxicological analyses in monitoring bee pollen from the initial stages of its production process.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/3/1571fresh bee-collected pollencontaminationELISAfungi<i>Fusarium</i>mycotoxins |
| spellingShingle | Jolanta Sinkevičienė Živilė Tarasevičienė Vytautas Tamutis <i>Fusarium</i> Fungi and Mycotoxins in Bee Pollen Collected in Lithuania Applied Sciences fresh bee-collected pollen contamination ELISA fungi <i>Fusarium</i> mycotoxins |
| title | <i>Fusarium</i> Fungi and Mycotoxins in Bee Pollen Collected in Lithuania |
| title_full | <i>Fusarium</i> Fungi and Mycotoxins in Bee Pollen Collected in Lithuania |
| title_fullStr | <i>Fusarium</i> Fungi and Mycotoxins in Bee Pollen Collected in Lithuania |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Fusarium</i> Fungi and Mycotoxins in Bee Pollen Collected in Lithuania |
| title_short | <i>Fusarium</i> Fungi and Mycotoxins in Bee Pollen Collected in Lithuania |
| title_sort | i fusarium i fungi and mycotoxins in bee pollen collected in lithuania |
| topic | fresh bee-collected pollen contamination ELISA fungi <i>Fusarium</i> mycotoxins |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/3/1571 |
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