Classification of Water Reservoirs in Terms of Ice Phenomena Using Advanced Statistical Methods—The Case of the Silesian Upland (Southern Poland)
Ice phenomena occurring in water bodies are an important indicator of natural changes (e.g., climate change) and the possibilities for economic use of water bodies (e.g., using the ice cover); hence, there is a need to adopt new advanced statistical methods for the purpose of their analysis and asse...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/22/3925 |
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| author | Mariusz Rzetala Mariusz Topolski Maksymilian Solarski |
| author_facet | Mariusz Rzetala Mariusz Topolski Maksymilian Solarski |
| author_sort | Mariusz Rzetala |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ice phenomena occurring in water bodies are an important indicator of natural changes (e.g., climate change) and the possibilities for economic use of water bodies (e.g., using the ice cover); hence, there is a need to adopt new advanced statistical methods for the purpose of their analysis and assessment. Material for this study was collected for three winter seasons in 39 water bodies in the Silesian Upland (southern Poland). Nine variables were used in the analysis, of which three pertained to the features of the water bodies studied (surface area, mean depth, the amount of water retained), and six pertained patterns to of ice phenomena (average near-surface water temperature during ice phenomena, average and maximum ice thickness, the number of days with ice phenomena, the number of days with ice cover, and average thickness of the snow accumulated on ice). The centroid class principal component analysis (CCPCA) method was found to be the most precise of the five methods used in the study for classifying water bodies in terms of their ice regimes. It enabled the most accurate division of the group of water bodies covered by the study in terms of their ice regimes in conjunction with their morphometric features and hydrological types. The presented method of classifying water bodies using advanced statistical methods is an original proposal, which was used for the first time in limnological research and in the analysis of ice phenomena. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:23:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fdbd4879ee024020ba677181fc0576e9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:23:13Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-fdbd4879ee024020ba677181fc0576e92023-11-24T15:11:19ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-11-011522392510.3390/w15223925Classification of Water Reservoirs in Terms of Ice Phenomena Using Advanced Statistical Methods—The Case of the Silesian Upland (Southern Poland)Mariusz Rzetala0Mariusz Topolski1Maksymilian Solarski2Institute of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, PolandDepartment of Systems and Computer Networks, Faculty of Computer Science and Telecommunications, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyspiański Wybrzeże 27, 50-370 Wrocław, PolandInstitute of Social and Economic Geography and Spatial Management, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, PolandIce phenomena occurring in water bodies are an important indicator of natural changes (e.g., climate change) and the possibilities for economic use of water bodies (e.g., using the ice cover); hence, there is a need to adopt new advanced statistical methods for the purpose of their analysis and assessment. Material for this study was collected for three winter seasons in 39 water bodies in the Silesian Upland (southern Poland). Nine variables were used in the analysis, of which three pertained to the features of the water bodies studied (surface area, mean depth, the amount of water retained), and six pertained patterns to of ice phenomena (average near-surface water temperature during ice phenomena, average and maximum ice thickness, the number of days with ice phenomena, the number of days with ice cover, and average thickness of the snow accumulated on ice). The centroid class principal component analysis (CCPCA) method was found to be the most precise of the five methods used in the study for classifying water bodies in terms of their ice regimes. It enabled the most accurate division of the group of water bodies covered by the study in terms of their ice regimes in conjunction with their morphometric features and hydrological types. The presented method of classifying water bodies using advanced statistical methods is an original proposal, which was used for the first time in limnological research and in the analysis of ice phenomena.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/22/3925ice phenomenaice covericecryologystatistical analysisstatistical methods |
| spellingShingle | Mariusz Rzetala Mariusz Topolski Maksymilian Solarski Classification of Water Reservoirs in Terms of Ice Phenomena Using Advanced Statistical Methods—The Case of the Silesian Upland (Southern Poland) Water ice phenomena ice cover ice cryology statistical analysis statistical methods |
| title | Classification of Water Reservoirs in Terms of Ice Phenomena Using Advanced Statistical Methods—The Case of the Silesian Upland (Southern Poland) |
| title_full | Classification of Water Reservoirs in Terms of Ice Phenomena Using Advanced Statistical Methods—The Case of the Silesian Upland (Southern Poland) |
| title_fullStr | Classification of Water Reservoirs in Terms of Ice Phenomena Using Advanced Statistical Methods—The Case of the Silesian Upland (Southern Poland) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Classification of Water Reservoirs in Terms of Ice Phenomena Using Advanced Statistical Methods—The Case of the Silesian Upland (Southern Poland) |
| title_short | Classification of Water Reservoirs in Terms of Ice Phenomena Using Advanced Statistical Methods—The Case of the Silesian Upland (Southern Poland) |
| title_sort | classification of water reservoirs in terms of ice phenomena using advanced statistical methods the case of the silesian upland southern poland |
| topic | ice phenomena ice cover ice cryology statistical analysis statistical methods |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/22/3925 |
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