Humans Vary, So Cardiac Models Should Account for That Too!
The utilization of mathematical modeling and simulation in drug development encompasses multiple mathematical techniques and the location of a drug candidate in the development pipeline. Historically speaking they have been used to analyze experimental data (i.e., Hill equation) and clarify the invo...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2017-09-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2017.00700/full |
| _version_ | 1818414123605557248 |
|---|---|
| author | Barbara Wiśniowska Zofia Tylutki Sebastian Polak Sebastian Polak |
| author_facet | Barbara Wiśniowska Zofia Tylutki Sebastian Polak Sebastian Polak |
| author_sort | Barbara Wiśniowska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The utilization of mathematical modeling and simulation in drug development encompasses multiple mathematical techniques and the location of a drug candidate in the development pipeline. Historically speaking they have been used to analyze experimental data (i.e., Hill equation) and clarify the involved physical and chemical processes (i.e., Fick laws and drug molecule diffusion). In recent years the advanced utilization of mathematical modeling has been an important part of the regulatory review process. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models identify the need to conduct specific clinical studies, suggest specific study designs and propose appropriate labeling language. Their application allows the evaluation of the influence of intrinsic (e.g., age, gender, genetics, disease) and extrinsic [e.g., dosing schedule, drug-drug interactions (DDIs)] factors, alone or in combinations, on drug exposure and therefore provides accurate population assessment. A similar pathway has been taken for the assessment of drug safety with cardiac safety being one the most advanced examples. Mechanistic mathematical model-informed safety evaluation, with a focus on drug potential for causing arrhythmias, is now discussed as an element of the Comprehensive in vitro Proarrhythmia Assay. One of the pillars of this paradigm is the use of an in silico model of the adult human ventricular cardiomyocyte to integrate in vitro measured data. Existing examples (in vitro—in vivo extrapolation with the use of PBPK models) suggest that deterministic, epidemiological and clinical data based variability models can be merged with the mechanistic models describing human physiology. There are other methods available, based on the stochastic approach and on population of models generated by randomly assigning specific parameter values (ionic current conductance and kinetic) and further pruning. Both approaches are briefly characterized in this manuscript, in parallel with the drug-specific variability. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T11:14:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fdcb68b5bf5d48938c2c5bac164a1846 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T11:14:06Z |
| publishDate | 2017-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-fdcb68b5bf5d48938c2c5bac164a18462022-12-21T23:04:08ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2017-09-01810.3389/fphys.2017.00700297631Humans Vary, So Cardiac Models Should Account for That Too!Barbara Wiśniowska0Zofia Tylutki1Sebastian Polak2Sebastian Polak3Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical CollegeKrakow, PolandPharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical CollegeKrakow, PolandPharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical CollegeKrakow, PolandSimcypCertara, Sheffield, United KingdomThe utilization of mathematical modeling and simulation in drug development encompasses multiple mathematical techniques and the location of a drug candidate in the development pipeline. Historically speaking they have been used to analyze experimental data (i.e., Hill equation) and clarify the involved physical and chemical processes (i.e., Fick laws and drug molecule diffusion). In recent years the advanced utilization of mathematical modeling has been an important part of the regulatory review process. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models identify the need to conduct specific clinical studies, suggest specific study designs and propose appropriate labeling language. Their application allows the evaluation of the influence of intrinsic (e.g., age, gender, genetics, disease) and extrinsic [e.g., dosing schedule, drug-drug interactions (DDIs)] factors, alone or in combinations, on drug exposure and therefore provides accurate population assessment. A similar pathway has been taken for the assessment of drug safety with cardiac safety being one the most advanced examples. Mechanistic mathematical model-informed safety evaluation, with a focus on drug potential for causing arrhythmias, is now discussed as an element of the Comprehensive in vitro Proarrhythmia Assay. One of the pillars of this paradigm is the use of an in silico model of the adult human ventricular cardiomyocyte to integrate in vitro measured data. Existing examples (in vitro—in vivo extrapolation with the use of PBPK models) suggest that deterministic, epidemiological and clinical data based variability models can be merged with the mechanistic models describing human physiology. There are other methods available, based on the stochastic approach and on population of models generated by randomly assigning specific parameter values (ionic current conductance and kinetic) and further pruning. Both approaches are briefly characterized in this manuscript, in parallel with the drug-specific variability.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2017.00700/fullvariabilitycardiac modelsIVIVEdrug cardiac safetymodeling and simulation |
| spellingShingle | Barbara Wiśniowska Zofia Tylutki Sebastian Polak Sebastian Polak Humans Vary, So Cardiac Models Should Account for That Too! Frontiers in Physiology variability cardiac models IVIVE drug cardiac safety modeling and simulation |
| title | Humans Vary, So Cardiac Models Should Account for That Too! |
| title_full | Humans Vary, So Cardiac Models Should Account for That Too! |
| title_fullStr | Humans Vary, So Cardiac Models Should Account for That Too! |
| title_full_unstemmed | Humans Vary, So Cardiac Models Should Account for That Too! |
| title_short | Humans Vary, So Cardiac Models Should Account for That Too! |
| title_sort | humans vary so cardiac models should account for that too |
| topic | variability cardiac models IVIVE drug cardiac safety modeling and simulation |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2017.00700/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT barbarawisniowska humansvarysocardiacmodelsshouldaccountforthattoo AT zofiatylutki humansvarysocardiacmodelsshouldaccountforthattoo AT sebastianpolak humansvarysocardiacmodelsshouldaccountforthattoo AT sebastianpolak humansvarysocardiacmodelsshouldaccountforthattoo |