Ferulic Acid as a Protective Antioxidant of Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells
The intestinal epithelial barrier is the primary and most significant defense barrier against ingested toxins and pathogenic bacteria. When the intestinal epithelium barrier is breached, inflammatory response is triggered. GWAS data showed that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers are elevated...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-07-01
|
| Series: | Antioxidants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/8/1448 |
| _version_ | 1797432606528110592 |
|---|---|
| author | Hye-Jeong Hwang So Rok Lee Ju-Gyeong Yoon Hye-Ri Moon Jingnan Zhang Eunmi Park Su-In Yoon Jin Ah Cho |
| author_facet | Hye-Jeong Hwang So Rok Lee Ju-Gyeong Yoon Hye-Ri Moon Jingnan Zhang Eunmi Park Su-In Yoon Jin Ah Cho |
| author_sort | Hye-Jeong Hwang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The intestinal epithelial barrier is the primary and most significant defense barrier against ingested toxins and pathogenic bacteria. When the intestinal epithelium barrier is breached, inflammatory response is triggered. GWAS data showed that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers are elevated in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patients, which suggests ER stress regulation might alleviate IBD symptoms. Ferulic acid (FA) is a polyphenol that is abundant in plants and has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, although it is unclear whether FA has these effects on the intestine. Therefore, we investigated the effect of FA in vitro and in vivo. It was found that FA suppressed ER stress, nitric oxide (NO) generation, and inflammation in polarized Caco-2 and T84 cells, indicating that the ER stress pathway was implicated in its anti-inflammatory activities. The permeability of polarized Caco-2 cells in the presence and absence of proinflammatory cytokines were decreased by FA, and MUC2 mRNA was overexpressed in the intestines of mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) supplemented with FA. These results suggest that FA has a protective effect on intestinal tight junctions. In addition, mouse intestine organoids proliferated significantly more in the presence of FA. Our findings shed light on the molecular mechanism responsible for the antioxidant effects of FA and its protective benefits on the health of the digestive system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:03:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fdce6cf3ce874747a4a7b81396c465e7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:03:02Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-fdce6cf3ce874747a4a7b81396c465e72023-12-01T23:19:56ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212022-07-01118144810.3390/antiox11081448Ferulic Acid as a Protective Antioxidant of Human Intestinal Epithelial CellsHye-Jeong Hwang0So Rok Lee1Ju-Gyeong Yoon2Hye-Ri Moon3Jingnan Zhang4Eunmi Park5Su-In Yoon6Jin Ah Cho7Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, KoreaDepartment of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, KoreaDepartment of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, KoreaDepartment of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, KoreaDepartment of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, KoreaDepartment of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, 1646, Yuseung-daero, Yusung-gu, Daejeon 34054, KoreaResearch Center for Microbiome-Brain Disorders, Chungnam University, Daejeon 34134, KoreaDepartment of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, KoreaThe intestinal epithelial barrier is the primary and most significant defense barrier against ingested toxins and pathogenic bacteria. When the intestinal epithelium barrier is breached, inflammatory response is triggered. GWAS data showed that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers are elevated in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patients, which suggests ER stress regulation might alleviate IBD symptoms. Ferulic acid (FA) is a polyphenol that is abundant in plants and has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, although it is unclear whether FA has these effects on the intestine. Therefore, we investigated the effect of FA in vitro and in vivo. It was found that FA suppressed ER stress, nitric oxide (NO) generation, and inflammation in polarized Caco-2 and T84 cells, indicating that the ER stress pathway was implicated in its anti-inflammatory activities. The permeability of polarized Caco-2 cells in the presence and absence of proinflammatory cytokines were decreased by FA, and MUC2 mRNA was overexpressed in the intestines of mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) supplemented with FA. These results suggest that FA has a protective effect on intestinal tight junctions. In addition, mouse intestine organoids proliferated significantly more in the presence of FA. Our findings shed light on the molecular mechanism responsible for the antioxidant effects of FA and its protective benefits on the health of the digestive system.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/8/1448ferulic acidER stresspro-inflammatory responseintestinal epithelial cells |
| spellingShingle | Hye-Jeong Hwang So Rok Lee Ju-Gyeong Yoon Hye-Ri Moon Jingnan Zhang Eunmi Park Su-In Yoon Jin Ah Cho Ferulic Acid as a Protective Antioxidant of Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells Antioxidants ferulic acid ER stress pro-inflammatory response intestinal epithelial cells |
| title | Ferulic Acid as a Protective Antioxidant of Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells |
| title_full | Ferulic Acid as a Protective Antioxidant of Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells |
| title_fullStr | Ferulic Acid as a Protective Antioxidant of Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ferulic Acid as a Protective Antioxidant of Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells |
| title_short | Ferulic Acid as a Protective Antioxidant of Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells |
| title_sort | ferulic acid as a protective antioxidant of human intestinal epithelial cells |
| topic | ferulic acid ER stress pro-inflammatory response intestinal epithelial cells |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/8/1448 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hyejeonghwang ferulicacidasaprotectiveantioxidantofhumanintestinalepithelialcells AT soroklee ferulicacidasaprotectiveantioxidantofhumanintestinalepithelialcells AT jugyeongyoon ferulicacidasaprotectiveantioxidantofhumanintestinalepithelialcells AT hyerimoon ferulicacidasaprotectiveantioxidantofhumanintestinalepithelialcells AT jingnanzhang ferulicacidasaprotectiveantioxidantofhumanintestinalepithelialcells AT eunmipark ferulicacidasaprotectiveantioxidantofhumanintestinalepithelialcells AT suinyoon ferulicacidasaprotectiveantioxidantofhumanintestinalepithelialcells AT jinahcho ferulicacidasaprotectiveantioxidantofhumanintestinalepithelialcells |