<i>Acer tataricum</i> subsp. <i>ginnala</i> Inhibits Skin Photoaging via Regulating MAPK/AP-1, NF-κB, and TGFβ/Smad Signaling in UVB-Irradiated Human Dermal Fibroblasts
Skin, the organ protecting the human body from external factors, maintains structural and tensile strength by containing many collagen fibrils, particularly type I procollagen. However, oxidative stress by ultraviolet (UV) exposure causes skin photoaging by activating collagen degradation and inhibi...
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/3/662 |
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| author | Yu-Jung Jin Yura Ji Young-Pyo Jang Se-Young Choung |
| author_facet | Yu-Jung Jin Yura Ji Young-Pyo Jang Se-Young Choung |
| author_sort | Yu-Jung Jin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Skin, the organ protecting the human body from external factors, maintains structural and tensile strength by containing many collagen fibrils, particularly type I procollagen. However, oxidative stress by ultraviolet (UV) exposure causes skin photoaging by activating collagen degradation and inhibiting collagen synthesis. <i>Acer tataricum</i> subsp. <i>ginnala</i> extract (AGE) is a herbal medicine with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects, but there is no report on the protective effect against skin photoaging. Therefore, we conducted research concentrating on the anti-photoaging effect of <i>Acer tataricum</i> subsp. <i>ginnala</i> (AG) in UVB (20 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>)-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts (HDF). Then, various concentrations (7.5, 15, 30 µg/mL) of AGE were treated in HDF for 24 h following UVB irradiation. After we performed AGE treatment, the matrix metalloproteinase1 (MMP1) expression was downregulated, and the type I procollagen level was recovered. Then, we investigated the mitogen-activated protein kinases/activator protein 1 (MAPK/AP-1) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway, which induce collagen breakdown by promoting the MMP1 level and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The results indicated that AGE downregulates the expression of the MAPK/AP-1 pathway, leading to MMP1 reduction. AGE inhibits nuclear translocation of NF-κB and inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB (IκB) degradation. Therefore, it downregulates the expression of MMP1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 increased by UVB. Besides, the TGFβ/Smad pathway, which is mainly responsible for the collagen synthesis in the skin, was also analyzed. AGE decreases the expression of Smad7 and increases TGFβRII expression and Smad3 phosphorylation. This means that AGE stimulates the TGFβ/Smad pathway that plays a critical role in promoting collagen synthesis. Thus, this study suggests that AGE can be a functional material with anti-photoaging properties. |
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| language | English |
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| spelling | doaj.art-fdd7bbe6cb5e4d92a356149ecf4e79d92023-12-03T14:55:50ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-01-0126366210.3390/molecules26030662<i>Acer tataricum</i> subsp. <i>ginnala</i> Inhibits Skin Photoaging via Regulating MAPK/AP-1, NF-κB, and TGFβ/Smad Signaling in UVB-Irradiated Human Dermal FibroblastsYu-Jung Jin0Yura Ji1Young-Pyo Jang2Se-Young Choung3Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaDepartment of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaDepartment of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaDepartment of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaSkin, the organ protecting the human body from external factors, maintains structural and tensile strength by containing many collagen fibrils, particularly type I procollagen. However, oxidative stress by ultraviolet (UV) exposure causes skin photoaging by activating collagen degradation and inhibiting collagen synthesis. <i>Acer tataricum</i> subsp. <i>ginnala</i> extract (AGE) is a herbal medicine with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects, but there is no report on the protective effect against skin photoaging. Therefore, we conducted research concentrating on the anti-photoaging effect of <i>Acer tataricum</i> subsp. <i>ginnala</i> (AG) in UVB (20 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>)-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts (HDF). Then, various concentrations (7.5, 15, 30 µg/mL) of AGE were treated in HDF for 24 h following UVB irradiation. After we performed AGE treatment, the matrix metalloproteinase1 (MMP1) expression was downregulated, and the type I procollagen level was recovered. Then, we investigated the mitogen-activated protein kinases/activator protein 1 (MAPK/AP-1) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway, which induce collagen breakdown by promoting the MMP1 level and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The results indicated that AGE downregulates the expression of the MAPK/AP-1 pathway, leading to MMP1 reduction. AGE inhibits nuclear translocation of NF-κB and inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB (IκB) degradation. Therefore, it downregulates the expression of MMP1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 increased by UVB. Besides, the TGFβ/Smad pathway, which is mainly responsible for the collagen synthesis in the skin, was also analyzed. AGE decreases the expression of Smad7 and increases TGFβRII expression and Smad3 phosphorylation. This means that AGE stimulates the TGFβ/Smad pathway that plays a critical role in promoting collagen synthesis. Thus, this study suggests that AGE can be a functional material with anti-photoaging properties.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/3/662<i>Acer tataricum</i> subsp. <i>ginnala</i>matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)MAPK/AP-1NF-kBtype I procollagenTGFβ/Smad |
| spellingShingle | Yu-Jung Jin Yura Ji Young-Pyo Jang Se-Young Choung <i>Acer tataricum</i> subsp. <i>ginnala</i> Inhibits Skin Photoaging via Regulating MAPK/AP-1, NF-κB, and TGFβ/Smad Signaling in UVB-Irradiated Human Dermal Fibroblasts Molecules <i>Acer tataricum</i> subsp. <i>ginnala</i> matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) MAPK/AP-1 NF-kB type I procollagen TGFβ/Smad |
| title | <i>Acer tataricum</i> subsp. <i>ginnala</i> Inhibits Skin Photoaging via Regulating MAPK/AP-1, NF-κB, and TGFβ/Smad Signaling in UVB-Irradiated Human Dermal Fibroblasts |
| title_full | <i>Acer tataricum</i> subsp. <i>ginnala</i> Inhibits Skin Photoaging via Regulating MAPK/AP-1, NF-κB, and TGFβ/Smad Signaling in UVB-Irradiated Human Dermal Fibroblasts |
| title_fullStr | <i>Acer tataricum</i> subsp. <i>ginnala</i> Inhibits Skin Photoaging via Regulating MAPK/AP-1, NF-κB, and TGFβ/Smad Signaling in UVB-Irradiated Human Dermal Fibroblasts |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Acer tataricum</i> subsp. <i>ginnala</i> Inhibits Skin Photoaging via Regulating MAPK/AP-1, NF-κB, and TGFβ/Smad Signaling in UVB-Irradiated Human Dermal Fibroblasts |
| title_short | <i>Acer tataricum</i> subsp. <i>ginnala</i> Inhibits Skin Photoaging via Regulating MAPK/AP-1, NF-κB, and TGFβ/Smad Signaling in UVB-Irradiated Human Dermal Fibroblasts |
| title_sort | i acer tataricum i subsp i ginnala i inhibits skin photoaging via regulating mapk ap 1 nf κb and tgfβ smad signaling in uvb irradiated human dermal fibroblasts |
| topic | <i>Acer tataricum</i> subsp. <i>ginnala</i> matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) MAPK/AP-1 NF-kB type I procollagen TGFβ/Smad |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/3/662 |
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