Simultaneous Quantification of Organic Acids in Tamarillo (<i>Solanum betaceum</i>) and Untargeted Chemotyping Using Methyl Chloroformate Derivatisation and GC-MS
Sixteen organic acids were quantified in peel and pulp of Amber, Laird’s Large and Mulligan cultivars of tamarillo using GC-MS. Fourteen of these compounds had not previously been quantified in tamarillo. An untargeted metabolomics approach was used in parallel to identify and quantify 64 more metab...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/4/1314 |
| _version_ | 1797477695586566144 |
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| author | Chris Pook Tung Thanh Diep Michelle Ji Yeon Yoo |
| author_facet | Chris Pook Tung Thanh Diep Michelle Ji Yeon Yoo |
| author_sort | Chris Pook |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sixteen organic acids were quantified in peel and pulp of Amber, Laird’s Large and Mulligan cultivars of tamarillo using GC-MS. Fourteen of these compounds had not previously been quantified in tamarillo. An untargeted metabolomics approach was used in parallel to identify and quantify 64 more metabolites relative to the internal standard, indicating abundances of glutamic acid, pro-line, aspartic acid and γ-aminobutyric acid as well as lower concentrations of several other essential fatty acids and amino acids. The main findings were that total organic acid concentration was significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in pulp than in peel, with the highest concentration seen in Mulligan pulp (219.7 mg/g DW). Remarkably, after citric acid, the potent bactericide itaconic acid was the second most abundant organic acid. At least 95% of organic acids in tamarillo were one of these two acids, as well as cis-aconitic, malic and 4-toluic acids. Differences between cultivar chemotypes were as substantial as differences between tissues. These results suggest that the bitter flavour of the peel does not result from organic acids. The combination of targeted and untargeted metabolomics techniques for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative investigation of nutrients and flavours is efficient and informative. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:21:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fddaea671c094434aa3627c1dc54e71b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:21:21Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-fddaea671c094434aa3627c1dc54e71b2023-11-23T21:21:59ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-02-01274131410.3390/molecules27041314Simultaneous Quantification of Organic Acids in Tamarillo (<i>Solanum betaceum</i>) and Untargeted Chemotyping Using Methyl Chloroformate Derivatisation and GC-MSChris Pook0Tung Thanh Diep1Michelle Ji Yeon Yoo2The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New ZealandSchool of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New ZealandSchool of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New ZealandSixteen organic acids were quantified in peel and pulp of Amber, Laird’s Large and Mulligan cultivars of tamarillo using GC-MS. Fourteen of these compounds had not previously been quantified in tamarillo. An untargeted metabolomics approach was used in parallel to identify and quantify 64 more metabolites relative to the internal standard, indicating abundances of glutamic acid, pro-line, aspartic acid and γ-aminobutyric acid as well as lower concentrations of several other essential fatty acids and amino acids. The main findings were that total organic acid concentration was significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in pulp than in peel, with the highest concentration seen in Mulligan pulp (219.7 mg/g DW). Remarkably, after citric acid, the potent bactericide itaconic acid was the second most abundant organic acid. At least 95% of organic acids in tamarillo were one of these two acids, as well as cis-aconitic, malic and 4-toluic acids. Differences between cultivar chemotypes were as substantial as differences between tissues. These results suggest that the bitter flavour of the peel does not result from organic acids. The combination of targeted and untargeted metabolomics techniques for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative investigation of nutrients and flavours is efficient and informative.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/4/1314fruitripeningcitric aciditaconic acidmetabolomicsmetabolite profiling |
| spellingShingle | Chris Pook Tung Thanh Diep Michelle Ji Yeon Yoo Simultaneous Quantification of Organic Acids in Tamarillo (<i>Solanum betaceum</i>) and Untargeted Chemotyping Using Methyl Chloroformate Derivatisation and GC-MS Molecules fruit ripening citric acid itaconic acid metabolomics metabolite profiling |
| title | Simultaneous Quantification of Organic Acids in Tamarillo (<i>Solanum betaceum</i>) and Untargeted Chemotyping Using Methyl Chloroformate Derivatisation and GC-MS |
| title_full | Simultaneous Quantification of Organic Acids in Tamarillo (<i>Solanum betaceum</i>) and Untargeted Chemotyping Using Methyl Chloroformate Derivatisation and GC-MS |
| title_fullStr | Simultaneous Quantification of Organic Acids in Tamarillo (<i>Solanum betaceum</i>) and Untargeted Chemotyping Using Methyl Chloroformate Derivatisation and GC-MS |
| title_full_unstemmed | Simultaneous Quantification of Organic Acids in Tamarillo (<i>Solanum betaceum</i>) and Untargeted Chemotyping Using Methyl Chloroformate Derivatisation and GC-MS |
| title_short | Simultaneous Quantification of Organic Acids in Tamarillo (<i>Solanum betaceum</i>) and Untargeted Chemotyping Using Methyl Chloroformate Derivatisation and GC-MS |
| title_sort | simultaneous quantification of organic acids in tamarillo i solanum betaceum i and untargeted chemotyping using methyl chloroformate derivatisation and gc ms |
| topic | fruit ripening citric acid itaconic acid metabolomics metabolite profiling |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/4/1314 |
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