Using the Haddon matrix to explore medical response strategies for terrorist subway bombings
Abstract Background Since the 1970s, terrorist bombings in subways have been frequently occurring worldwide. To cope with this threat and to provide medical response countermeasures, we analyzed the characteristics of subway bombing terrorist attacks and used the Haddon matrix to explore medical res...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2019-06-01
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| Series: | Military Medical Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40779-019-0209-6 |
| _version_ | 1818134131812335616 |
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| author | Tie-Cheng Yan Min Yu |
| author_facet | Tie-Cheng Yan Min Yu |
| author_sort | Tie-Cheng Yan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Since the 1970s, terrorist bombings in subways have been frequently occurring worldwide. To cope with this threat and to provide medical response countermeasures, we analyzed the characteristics of subway bombing terrorist attacks and used the Haddon matrix to explore medical response strategies. Methods First, we analyzed 111 subway bombings from 1970 to 2017 recorded in the Global Terrorism Database to provide a reference for the strategy exploration. Then, we convened an expert panel to use the Haddon matrix to explore the medical response strategies to subway bombings. Results In recent decades, at least one bombing attack occurs every 3 years. Summarized by the Haddon matrix, the influencing factors of medical responses to conventional subway bombings include the adequacy of first-aid kits and the medical evacuation equipment, the traffic conditions affecting the evacuation, the continuity and stability of communication, as well as the factors exclusively attributed to dirty bomb attacks in subways, such as ionizing radiation protection capabilities, the structure of the radiation sickness treatment network based on the subway lines, and the disposal of radioactive sewage. These factors form the basis of the strategy discussion. Conclusion Since subway bombings are long-term threats, it is necessary to have proper medical response preparation. Based on the Haddon matrix, we explored the medical response strategies for terrorist subway bombings, especially dirty bomb attacks. Haddon matrix can help policymakers systematically find the most important factors, which makes the preparations of the response more efficient. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T09:03:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fde2a1f0ed4d45f6806b53d9418e4674 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2054-9369 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T09:03:45Z |
| publishDate | 2019-06-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Military Medical Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-fde2a1f0ed4d45f6806b53d9418e46742022-12-22T01:13:41ZengBMCMilitary Medical Research2054-93692019-06-01611810.1186/s40779-019-0209-6Using the Haddon matrix to explore medical response strategies for terrorist subway bombingsTie-Cheng Yan0Min Yu1Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical SciencesInstitute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical SciencesAbstract Background Since the 1970s, terrorist bombings in subways have been frequently occurring worldwide. To cope with this threat and to provide medical response countermeasures, we analyzed the characteristics of subway bombing terrorist attacks and used the Haddon matrix to explore medical response strategies. Methods First, we analyzed 111 subway bombings from 1970 to 2017 recorded in the Global Terrorism Database to provide a reference for the strategy exploration. Then, we convened an expert panel to use the Haddon matrix to explore the medical response strategies to subway bombings. Results In recent decades, at least one bombing attack occurs every 3 years. Summarized by the Haddon matrix, the influencing factors of medical responses to conventional subway bombings include the adequacy of first-aid kits and the medical evacuation equipment, the traffic conditions affecting the evacuation, the continuity and stability of communication, as well as the factors exclusively attributed to dirty bomb attacks in subways, such as ionizing radiation protection capabilities, the structure of the radiation sickness treatment network based on the subway lines, and the disposal of radioactive sewage. These factors form the basis of the strategy discussion. Conclusion Since subway bombings are long-term threats, it is necessary to have proper medical response preparation. Based on the Haddon matrix, we explored the medical response strategies for terrorist subway bombings, especially dirty bomb attacks. Haddon matrix can help policymakers systematically find the most important factors, which makes the preparations of the response more efficient.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40779-019-0209-6Haddon matrixSubwayTerrorismBomb attackMedical response |
| spellingShingle | Tie-Cheng Yan Min Yu Using the Haddon matrix to explore medical response strategies for terrorist subway bombings Military Medical Research Haddon matrix Subway Terrorism Bomb attack Medical response |
| title | Using the Haddon matrix to explore medical response strategies for terrorist subway bombings |
| title_full | Using the Haddon matrix to explore medical response strategies for terrorist subway bombings |
| title_fullStr | Using the Haddon matrix to explore medical response strategies for terrorist subway bombings |
| title_full_unstemmed | Using the Haddon matrix to explore medical response strategies for terrorist subway bombings |
| title_short | Using the Haddon matrix to explore medical response strategies for terrorist subway bombings |
| title_sort | using the haddon matrix to explore medical response strategies for terrorist subway bombings |
| topic | Haddon matrix Subway Terrorism Bomb attack Medical response |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40779-019-0209-6 |
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