Removal of Ibuprofen at Low Concentration Using a Newly Formulated Emulsion Liquid Membrane
Ibuprofen (IBP) is a pharmaceutical product that is widely prescribed as an over-the-counter painkiller. It has been classified as a contaminant of emerging concern (CEC) that has received global attention in the search for a better wastewater separation technology. The emulsion liquid membrane (ELM...
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| Médium: | Článek |
| Jazyk: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Edice: | Membranes |
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| On-line přístup: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/11/10/740 |
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| author | Abdul Latif Ahmad Mohd Hazarel Zairy Mohd Harun Mohd Khairul Akmal Jasni Nur Dina Zaulkiflee |
| author_facet | Abdul Latif Ahmad Mohd Hazarel Zairy Mohd Harun Mohd Khairul Akmal Jasni Nur Dina Zaulkiflee |
| author_sort | Abdul Latif Ahmad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ibuprofen (IBP) is a pharmaceutical product that is widely prescribed as an over-the-counter painkiller. It has been classified as a contaminant of emerging concern (CEC) that has received global attention in the search for a better wastewater separation technology. The emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) is one of the potential solutions for IBP removal from wastewater owing to its advantages, such as the ability to remove a highly soluble solute, energy efficient and tuneable formulation. To develop this ELM, a series of parameters such as stirring speed, emulsification time, organic to internal phase volume ratio (O/I), internal phase concentration, carrier concentration and surfactant concentration were studied. The extraction was carried out for 15 min stirring time and the concentration of IBP in the feed phase was determined using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The optimum formulation for the ELM was found at 300 rpm stirring speed, 20 min emulsification time, 3:1 of O/I, 0.1 M ammonia, NH<sub>3</sub> (stripping agent), 6 wt% trioctylamine, TOA (carrier) and 2 wt% sorbitan monooleate, Span 80 (non-ionic surfactant). IBP removal of 89% was achieved at the optimum parameters of ELM. The current research demonstrated that a newly formulated ELM has great potential in removing a low concentration IBP from wastewater. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:24:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fdf35ba6259942e2a80cfa391b91fbc7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0375 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:24:33Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Membranes |
| spelling | doaj.art-fdf35ba6259942e2a80cfa391b91fbc72023-11-22T19:05:52ZengMDPI AGMembranes2077-03752021-09-01111074010.3390/membranes11100740Removal of Ibuprofen at Low Concentration Using a Newly Formulated Emulsion Liquid MembraneAbdul Latif Ahmad0Mohd Hazarel Zairy Mohd Harun1Mohd Khairul Akmal Jasni2Nur Dina Zaulkiflee3School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, MalaysiaSchool of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, MalaysiaSchool of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, MalaysiaSchool of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, MalaysiaIbuprofen (IBP) is a pharmaceutical product that is widely prescribed as an over-the-counter painkiller. It has been classified as a contaminant of emerging concern (CEC) that has received global attention in the search for a better wastewater separation technology. The emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) is one of the potential solutions for IBP removal from wastewater owing to its advantages, such as the ability to remove a highly soluble solute, energy efficient and tuneable formulation. To develop this ELM, a series of parameters such as stirring speed, emulsification time, organic to internal phase volume ratio (O/I), internal phase concentration, carrier concentration and surfactant concentration were studied. The extraction was carried out for 15 min stirring time and the concentration of IBP in the feed phase was determined using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The optimum formulation for the ELM was found at 300 rpm stirring speed, 20 min emulsification time, 3:1 of O/I, 0.1 M ammonia, NH<sub>3</sub> (stripping agent), 6 wt% trioctylamine, TOA (carrier) and 2 wt% sorbitan monooleate, Span 80 (non-ionic surfactant). IBP removal of 89% was achieved at the optimum parameters of ELM. The current research demonstrated that a newly formulated ELM has great potential in removing a low concentration IBP from wastewater.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/11/10/740ibuprofen (IBP)emulsion liquid membrane (ELM)low concentration |
| spellingShingle | Abdul Latif Ahmad Mohd Hazarel Zairy Mohd Harun Mohd Khairul Akmal Jasni Nur Dina Zaulkiflee Removal of Ibuprofen at Low Concentration Using a Newly Formulated Emulsion Liquid Membrane Membranes ibuprofen (IBP) emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) low concentration |
| title | Removal of Ibuprofen at Low Concentration Using a Newly Formulated Emulsion Liquid Membrane |
| title_full | Removal of Ibuprofen at Low Concentration Using a Newly Formulated Emulsion Liquid Membrane |
| title_fullStr | Removal of Ibuprofen at Low Concentration Using a Newly Formulated Emulsion Liquid Membrane |
| title_full_unstemmed | Removal of Ibuprofen at Low Concentration Using a Newly Formulated Emulsion Liquid Membrane |
| title_short | Removal of Ibuprofen at Low Concentration Using a Newly Formulated Emulsion Liquid Membrane |
| title_sort | removal of ibuprofen at low concentration using a newly formulated emulsion liquid membrane |
| topic | ibuprofen (IBP) emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) low concentration |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/11/10/740 |
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