Therapeutic Implications of Tumor Microenvironment in Lung Cancer: Focus on Immune Checkpoint Blockade

Therapeutic Implications of Tumor Microenvironment in Lung Cancer: Focus on Immune Checkpoint Blockade

In the last decade, the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been revolutionized by the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) directed against programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1), or cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4). In spite of these improve...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Carlo Genova, Chiara Dellepiane, Paolo Carrega, Sara Sommariva, Guido Ferlazzo, Paolo Pronzato, Rosaria Gangemi, Gilberto Filaci, Simona Coco, Michela Croce
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-01-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
Subjects:
NSCLC
PD-1/PD-L1
CTLA-4
tumor microenvironment (TME)
immune checkpoint inhibitors
dysfunctional T cells
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.799455/full

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