Multicollision Internal Shock Lepto-hadronic Models for Energetic Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs)
For a subpopulation of energetic gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), a moderate baryonic loading may suffice to power ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). Motivated by this, we study the radiative signatures of cosmic-ray protons in the prompt phase of energetic GRBs. Our framework is the internal shock mod...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acc861 |
| _version_ | 1797699979227168768 |
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| author | Annika Rudolph Maria Petropoulou Željka Bošnjak Walter Winter |
| author_facet | Annika Rudolph Maria Petropoulou Željka Bošnjak Walter Winter |
| author_sort | Annika Rudolph |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | For a subpopulation of energetic gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), a moderate baryonic loading may suffice to power ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). Motivated by this, we study the radiative signatures of cosmic-ray protons in the prompt phase of energetic GRBs. Our framework is the internal shock model with multicollision descriptions of the relativistic ejecta (with different emission regions along the jet), plus time-dependent calculations of photon and neutrino spectra. Our GRB prototypes are motivated by Fermi-Large Area Telescope-detected GRBs (including GRB 221009A) for which further, owing to the large energy flux, neutrino nonobservation of single events may pose a strong limit on the baryonic loading. We study the feedback of protons on electromagnetic spectra in synchrotron- and inverse Compton-dominated scenarios to identify the multiwavelength signatures, to constrain the maximally allowed baryonic loading, and to point out the differences between hadronic and inverse Compton signatures. We find that hadronic signatures appear as correlated flux increases in the optical-UV to soft X-ray and GeV–TeV gamma-ray ranges in the synchrotron scenarios, whereas they are difficult to identify in inverse Compton-dominated scenarios. We demonstrate that baryonic loadings around 10, which satisfy the UHECR energetic requirements, do not distort the predicted photon spectra in the Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor range and are consistent with constraints from neutrino data if the collision radii are large enough (i.e., the time variability is not too short). It therefore seems plausible that under the condition of large dissipation radii a population of energetic GRBs can be the origin of the UHECRs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T04:15:40Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T04:15:40Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-fdfd3b8887d2471e84e10fec3b6b57b82023-09-03T10:39:21ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572023-01-0195012810.3847/1538-4357/acc861Multicollision Internal Shock Lepto-hadronic Models for Energetic Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs)Annika Rudolph0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2040-788XMaria Petropoulou1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6640-0179Željka Bošnjak2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6536-0320Walter Winter3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7062-0289Niels Bohr International Academy and DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark annika.lena.rudolph@nbi.ku.dk; Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, GermanyDepartment of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , University Campus Zografos, GR 15783, Athens, Greece; Institute of Accelerating Systems & Applications, University Campus Zografos , GR 15783, Athens, GreeceFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing , University of Zagreb , Unska ul. 3, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, GermanyFor a subpopulation of energetic gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), a moderate baryonic loading may suffice to power ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). Motivated by this, we study the radiative signatures of cosmic-ray protons in the prompt phase of energetic GRBs. Our framework is the internal shock model with multicollision descriptions of the relativistic ejecta (with different emission regions along the jet), plus time-dependent calculations of photon and neutrino spectra. Our GRB prototypes are motivated by Fermi-Large Area Telescope-detected GRBs (including GRB 221009A) for which further, owing to the large energy flux, neutrino nonobservation of single events may pose a strong limit on the baryonic loading. We study the feedback of protons on electromagnetic spectra in synchrotron- and inverse Compton-dominated scenarios to identify the multiwavelength signatures, to constrain the maximally allowed baryonic loading, and to point out the differences between hadronic and inverse Compton signatures. We find that hadronic signatures appear as correlated flux increases in the optical-UV to soft X-ray and GeV–TeV gamma-ray ranges in the synchrotron scenarios, whereas they are difficult to identify in inverse Compton-dominated scenarios. We demonstrate that baryonic loadings around 10, which satisfy the UHECR energetic requirements, do not distort the predicted photon spectra in the Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor range and are consistent with constraints from neutrino data if the collision radii are large enough (i.e., the time variability is not too short). It therefore seems plausible that under the condition of large dissipation radii a population of energetic GRBs can be the origin of the UHECRs.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acc861Cosmic raysCosmological neutrinosHigh energy astrophysicsNon-thermal radiation sourcesGamma-ray bursts |
| spellingShingle | Annika Rudolph Maria Petropoulou Željka Bošnjak Walter Winter Multicollision Internal Shock Lepto-hadronic Models for Energetic Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) The Astrophysical Journal Cosmic rays Cosmological neutrinos High energy astrophysics Non-thermal radiation sources Gamma-ray bursts |
| title | Multicollision Internal Shock Lepto-hadronic Models for Energetic Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) |
| title_full | Multicollision Internal Shock Lepto-hadronic Models for Energetic Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) |
| title_fullStr | Multicollision Internal Shock Lepto-hadronic Models for Energetic Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multicollision Internal Shock Lepto-hadronic Models for Energetic Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) |
| title_short | Multicollision Internal Shock Lepto-hadronic Models for Energetic Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) |
| title_sort | multicollision internal shock lepto hadronic models for energetic gamma ray bursts grbs |
| topic | Cosmic rays Cosmological neutrinos High energy astrophysics Non-thermal radiation sources Gamma-ray bursts |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acc861 |
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