Integration of a System Dynamics Model and 3D Tree Rendering—VISmaF Part II: Model Development, Results and Potential Agronomic Applications
Biological–mathematical models of trees can be exploited for a wide range of agronomic applications including crop management, visualization of ecosystem changes over time, in-field phenotyping, crop load effects, testing of plant functions, biomechanics, and many others. Some models propose a 3D ou...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/1/218 |
| _version_ | 1797447148620480512 |
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| author | Mariano Crimaldi Fabrizio Cartenì Giuliano Bonanomi Francesco Giannino |
| author_facet | Mariano Crimaldi Fabrizio Cartenì Giuliano Bonanomi Francesco Giannino |
| author_sort | Mariano Crimaldi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Biological–mathematical models of trees can be exploited for a wide range of agronomic applications including crop management, visualization of ecosystem changes over time, in-field phenotyping, crop load effects, testing of plant functions, biomechanics, and many others. Some models propose a 3D output of tree that, in addition to having functionality to visualize the result, offers an additional tool for the evaluation of some parameters of the model itself (interception and amount of light, temperature, obstacles, physical competition between multiple trees). The present study introduces a biological–mathematical model of tree growth with a 3D output of its structure in a realtime 3D rendering environment (<i>Unity</i>©). Thanks to the virtual environment created in <i>Unity</i>©, it was possible to obtain variable environmental parameters (amount of light, temperature) used as inputs to the mathematical simulation of growth. The model is based on ordinary differential equations (ODEs) that compute the growth of each single internode in length (primary growth) and width (secondary growth) and the accumulation of growth inhibitors regulating the seasonal cyclicity of the tree. Virtual experiments were conducted varying environmental conditions (amount of light and temperature), and the species-specific characteristics of the simulated tree (number of buds, branching angle). The results have been analyzed showing also how the model can be adapted for the creation of different tree species and discussing the potential agronomic applications of model. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:51:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fdfdf3ca61bb494cbf46bba2b2eac653 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:51:41Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-fdfdf3ca61bb494cbf46bba2b2eac6532023-11-30T20:50:40ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952023-01-0113121810.3390/agronomy13010218Integration of a System Dynamics Model and 3D Tree Rendering—VISmaF Part II: Model Development, Results and Potential Agronomic ApplicationsMariano Crimaldi0Fabrizio Cartenì1Giuliano Bonanomi2Francesco Giannino3Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, ItalyBiological–mathematical models of trees can be exploited for a wide range of agronomic applications including crop management, visualization of ecosystem changes over time, in-field phenotyping, crop load effects, testing of plant functions, biomechanics, and many others. Some models propose a 3D output of tree that, in addition to having functionality to visualize the result, offers an additional tool for the evaluation of some parameters of the model itself (interception and amount of light, temperature, obstacles, physical competition between multiple trees). The present study introduces a biological–mathematical model of tree growth with a 3D output of its structure in a realtime 3D rendering environment (<i>Unity</i>©). Thanks to the virtual environment created in <i>Unity</i>©, it was possible to obtain variable environmental parameters (amount of light, temperature) used as inputs to the mathematical simulation of growth. The model is based on ordinary differential equations (ODEs) that compute the growth of each single internode in length (primary growth) and width (secondary growth) and the accumulation of growth inhibitors regulating the seasonal cyclicity of the tree. Virtual experiments were conducted varying environmental conditions (amount of light and temperature), and the species-specific characteristics of the simulated tree (number of buds, branching angle). The results have been analyzed showing also how the model can be adapted for the creation of different tree species and discussing the potential agronomic applications of model.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/1/218FSPMordinary differential equationssystem dynamics3D tree rendering<i>Unity</i>© |
| spellingShingle | Mariano Crimaldi Fabrizio Cartenì Giuliano Bonanomi Francesco Giannino Integration of a System Dynamics Model and 3D Tree Rendering—VISmaF Part II: Model Development, Results and Potential Agronomic Applications Agronomy FSPM ordinary differential equations system dynamics 3D tree rendering <i>Unity</i>© |
| title | Integration of a System Dynamics Model and 3D Tree Rendering—VISmaF Part II: Model Development, Results and Potential Agronomic Applications |
| title_full | Integration of a System Dynamics Model and 3D Tree Rendering—VISmaF Part II: Model Development, Results and Potential Agronomic Applications |
| title_fullStr | Integration of a System Dynamics Model and 3D Tree Rendering—VISmaF Part II: Model Development, Results and Potential Agronomic Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Integration of a System Dynamics Model and 3D Tree Rendering—VISmaF Part II: Model Development, Results and Potential Agronomic Applications |
| title_short | Integration of a System Dynamics Model and 3D Tree Rendering—VISmaF Part II: Model Development, Results and Potential Agronomic Applications |
| title_sort | integration of a system dynamics model and 3d tree rendering vismaf part ii model development results and potential agronomic applications |
| topic | FSPM ordinary differential equations system dynamics 3D tree rendering <i>Unity</i>© |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/1/218 |
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