| Summary: | Reproductive disorders, presumably caused by <i>Chlamydia abortus</i>, are common among the ovine population of the Mari El Republic, Russia. <i>C. abortus</i> infection was determined by serologic testing or isolation and detection of the organism by PCR and direct immunofluorescence in tissue samples. Rams, ewes, and lambs (10 individuals each) were randomly chosen for serological testing by the complement fixation test and 7 of 30 (23%) animals tested were positive. Tissue samples were collected from ewes and aborted fetuses for isolation by inoculating chicken embryo yolk sacs (<i>n</i> = 41). The same samples were analyzed by PCR using commercial and in-house PCR kits and by direct immunofluorescence. <i>C. abortus</i> was detected in 58.5% of samples using PCR and in 60.9% of the samples by direct immunofluorescence. Five <i>Chlamydia</i> isolates were cultured in egg yolk sacs and adapted for growth in cell cultures. Phylogenetic analysis showed no substantial difference between Russian isolates and those from other parts of the world. The results of the study further demonstrate the usefulness of PCR for detection of <i>C. abortus</i> as a faster, simpler, and more reliable approach in comparison to culturing the organism and underscoring the necessity of screening for chlamydiosis as a cause of ovine abortion.
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