Drivers of Dyadic Cofeeding Tolerance in <i>Pan</i>: A Composite Measure Approach
This study aimed to construct a composite model of Dyadic Cofeeding Tolerance (DCT) in zoo-housed bonobos and chimpanzees using a validated experimental cofeeding paradigm and to investigate whether components resulting from this model differ between the two species or vary with factors such as sex,...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/5/713 |
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| author | Nicky Staes Kim Vermeulen Edwin J. C. van Leeuwen Jonas Verspeek Jonas R. R. Torfs Marcel Eens Jeroen M. G. Stevens |
| author_facet | Nicky Staes Kim Vermeulen Edwin J. C. van Leeuwen Jonas Verspeek Jonas R. R. Torfs Marcel Eens Jeroen M. G. Stevens |
| author_sort | Nicky Staes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aimed to construct a composite model of Dyadic Cofeeding Tolerance (DCT) in zoo-housed bonobos and chimpanzees using a validated experimental cofeeding paradigm and to investigate whether components resulting from this model differ between the two species or vary with factors such as sex, age, kinship and social bond strength. Using dimension reduction analysis on five behavioral variables from the experimental paradigm (proximity, aggression, food transfers, negative food behavior, participation), we found a two-factor model: “Tolerant Cofeeding” and “Agonistic Cofeeding”. To investigate the role of social bond quality on DCT components alongside species effects, we constructed and validated a novel relationship quality model for bonobos and chimpanzees combined, resulting in two factors: Relationship Value and Incompatibility. Interestingly, bonobos and chimpanzees did not differ in DCT scores, and sex and kinship effects were identical in both species but biased by avoidance of the resource zone by male–male dyads in bonobos. Social bonds impacted DCT similarly in both species, as dyads with high Relationship Value showed more Tolerant Cofeeding, while dyads with higher Relationship Incompatibility showed more Agonistic Cofeeding. We showed that composite DCT models can be constructed that take into account both negative and positive cofeeding behavior. The resulting DCT scores were predicted by sex, kinship and social bonds in a similar fashion in both <i>Pan</i> species, likely reflecting their adaptability to changing socio-ecological environments. This novel operational measure to quantify cofeeding tolerance can now be applied to a wider range of species in captivity and the wild to see how variation in local socio-ecological circumstances influences fitness interdependence and cofeeding tolerance at the dyadic and group levels. This can ultimately lead to a better understanding of how local environments have shaped the evolution of tolerance in humans and other species. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:19:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fe09906dc663427fb66693fe30960f65 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:19:01Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-fe09906dc663427fb66693fe30960f652023-11-23T10:07:23ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372022-05-0111571310.3390/biology11050713Drivers of Dyadic Cofeeding Tolerance in <i>Pan</i>: A Composite Measure ApproachNicky Staes0Kim Vermeulen1Edwin J. C. van Leeuwen2Jonas Verspeek3Jonas R. R. Torfs4Marcel Eens5Jeroen M. G. Stevens6Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, BelgiumBehavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, BelgiumBehavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, BelgiumBehavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, BelgiumBehavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, BelgiumBehavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, BelgiumBehavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, BelgiumThis study aimed to construct a composite model of Dyadic Cofeeding Tolerance (DCT) in zoo-housed bonobos and chimpanzees using a validated experimental cofeeding paradigm and to investigate whether components resulting from this model differ between the two species or vary with factors such as sex, age, kinship and social bond strength. Using dimension reduction analysis on five behavioral variables from the experimental paradigm (proximity, aggression, food transfers, negative food behavior, participation), we found a two-factor model: “Tolerant Cofeeding” and “Agonistic Cofeeding”. To investigate the role of social bond quality on DCT components alongside species effects, we constructed and validated a novel relationship quality model for bonobos and chimpanzees combined, resulting in two factors: Relationship Value and Incompatibility. Interestingly, bonobos and chimpanzees did not differ in DCT scores, and sex and kinship effects were identical in both species but biased by avoidance of the resource zone by male–male dyads in bonobos. Social bonds impacted DCT similarly in both species, as dyads with high Relationship Value showed more Tolerant Cofeeding, while dyads with higher Relationship Incompatibility showed more Agonistic Cofeeding. We showed that composite DCT models can be constructed that take into account both negative and positive cofeeding behavior. The resulting DCT scores were predicted by sex, kinship and social bonds in a similar fashion in both <i>Pan</i> species, likely reflecting their adaptability to changing socio-ecological environments. This novel operational measure to quantify cofeeding tolerance can now be applied to a wider range of species in captivity and the wild to see how variation in local socio-ecological circumstances influences fitness interdependence and cofeeding tolerance at the dyadic and group levels. This can ultimately lead to a better understanding of how local environments have shaped the evolution of tolerance in humans and other species.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/5/713<i>Pan paniscus</i><i>Pan troglodytes</i>tolerance experimentrelationship qualityprincipal component analysis |
| spellingShingle | Nicky Staes Kim Vermeulen Edwin J. C. van Leeuwen Jonas Verspeek Jonas R. R. Torfs Marcel Eens Jeroen M. G. Stevens Drivers of Dyadic Cofeeding Tolerance in <i>Pan</i>: A Composite Measure Approach Biology <i>Pan paniscus</i> <i>Pan troglodytes</i> tolerance experiment relationship quality principal component analysis |
| title | Drivers of Dyadic Cofeeding Tolerance in <i>Pan</i>: A Composite Measure Approach |
| title_full | Drivers of Dyadic Cofeeding Tolerance in <i>Pan</i>: A Composite Measure Approach |
| title_fullStr | Drivers of Dyadic Cofeeding Tolerance in <i>Pan</i>: A Composite Measure Approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Drivers of Dyadic Cofeeding Tolerance in <i>Pan</i>: A Composite Measure Approach |
| title_short | Drivers of Dyadic Cofeeding Tolerance in <i>Pan</i>: A Composite Measure Approach |
| title_sort | drivers of dyadic cofeeding tolerance in i pan i a composite measure approach |
| topic | <i>Pan paniscus</i> <i>Pan troglodytes</i> tolerance experiment relationship quality principal component analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/5/713 |
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