Features of Ppd-B1 expression regulation and their impact on the flowering time of wheat near-isogenic lines
Abstract Background Photoperiod insensitive Ppd-1a alleles determine early flowering of wheat. Increased expression of homoeologous Ppd-D1a and Ppd-A1a result from deletions in the promoter region, and elevated expression of Ppd-B1a is determined by an increased copy number. Results In this study, u...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2017-11-01
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| Series: | BMC Plant Biology |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12870-017-1126-z |
| _version_ | 1818096686890745856 |
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| author | Antonina A. Kiseleva Elena K. Potokina Elena A. Salina |
| author_facet | Antonina A. Kiseleva Elena K. Potokina Elena A. Salina |
| author_sort | Antonina A. Kiseleva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Photoperiod insensitive Ppd-1a alleles determine early flowering of wheat. Increased expression of homoeologous Ppd-D1a and Ppd-A1a result from deletions in the promoter region, and elevated expression of Ppd-B1a is determined by an increased copy number. Results In this study, using bread wheat cultivars Sonora and PSL2, which contrast in flowering time, and near-isogenic lines resulting from their cross, “Ppd-m” and “Ppd-w” with Ppd-B1a introgressed from Sonora, we investigated the putative factors that influence Ppd-B1a expression. By analyzing the Ppd-B1a three distinct copies, we identified an indel and the two SNPs, which distinguished the investigated allele from other alleles with a copy number variation. We studied the expression of the Ppd-A1, Ppd-B1a, and Ppd-D1 genes along with genes that are involved in light perception (PhyA, PhyB, PhyC) and the flowering initiation (Vrn-1, TaFT1) and discussed their interactions. Expression of Ppd-B1a in the “Ppd-m” line, which flowered four days earlier than “Ppd-w”, was significantly higher. We found PhyC to be up-regulated in lines with Ppd-B1a alleles. Expression of PhyC was higher in “Ppd-m”. Microsatellite genotyping demonstrated that in the line “Ppd-m”, there is an introgression in the pericentromeric region of chromosome 5B from the early flowering parental Sonora, while the “Ppd-w” does not have this introgression. FHY3/FAR1 is known to be located in this region. Expression of the transcription factor FHY3/FAR1 was higher in the “Ppd-m” line than in “Ppd-w”, suggesting that FHY3/FAR1 is important for the wheat flowering time and may cause earlier flowering of “Ppd-m” as compared to “Ppd-w”. Conclusions We propose that there is a positive bidirectional regulation of Ppd-B1a and PhyC with an FHY3/FAR1 contribution. The bidirectional regulation can be proposed for Ppd-A1a and Ppd-D1a. Using in silico analysis, we demonstrated that the specificity of the Ppd-B1 regulation compared to that of homoeologous genes involves not only a copy number variation but also distinct regulatory elements. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T23:08:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fe09c7b5d2a04f5d83403a569cb8643f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2229 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T23:08:35Z |
| publishDate | 2017-11-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Plant Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-fe09c7b5d2a04f5d83403a569cb8643f2022-12-22T01:30:00ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292017-11-0117S111510.1186/s12870-017-1126-zFeatures of Ppd-B1 expression regulation and their impact on the flowering time of wheat near-isogenic linesAntonina A. Kiseleva0Elena K. Potokina1Elena A. Salina2The Federal Research Center “Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences”N.I. Vavilov Research Institute of Plant Genetic ResourcesThe Federal Research Center “Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences”Abstract Background Photoperiod insensitive Ppd-1a alleles determine early flowering of wheat. Increased expression of homoeologous Ppd-D1a and Ppd-A1a result from deletions in the promoter region, and elevated expression of Ppd-B1a is determined by an increased copy number. Results In this study, using bread wheat cultivars Sonora and PSL2, which contrast in flowering time, and near-isogenic lines resulting from their cross, “Ppd-m” and “Ppd-w” with Ppd-B1a introgressed from Sonora, we investigated the putative factors that influence Ppd-B1a expression. By analyzing the Ppd-B1a three distinct copies, we identified an indel and the two SNPs, which distinguished the investigated allele from other alleles with a copy number variation. We studied the expression of the Ppd-A1, Ppd-B1a, and Ppd-D1 genes along with genes that are involved in light perception (PhyA, PhyB, PhyC) and the flowering initiation (Vrn-1, TaFT1) and discussed their interactions. Expression of Ppd-B1a in the “Ppd-m” line, which flowered four days earlier than “Ppd-w”, was significantly higher. We found PhyC to be up-regulated in lines with Ppd-B1a alleles. Expression of PhyC was higher in “Ppd-m”. Microsatellite genotyping demonstrated that in the line “Ppd-m”, there is an introgression in the pericentromeric region of chromosome 5B from the early flowering parental Sonora, while the “Ppd-w” does not have this introgression. FHY3/FAR1 is known to be located in this region. Expression of the transcription factor FHY3/FAR1 was higher in the “Ppd-m” line than in “Ppd-w”, suggesting that FHY3/FAR1 is important for the wheat flowering time and may cause earlier flowering of “Ppd-m” as compared to “Ppd-w”. Conclusions We propose that there is a positive bidirectional regulation of Ppd-B1a and PhyC with an FHY3/FAR1 contribution. The bidirectional regulation can be proposed for Ppd-A1a and Ppd-D1a. Using in silico analysis, we demonstrated that the specificity of the Ppd-B1 regulation compared to that of homoeologous genes involves not only a copy number variation but also distinct regulatory elements.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12870-017-1126-zPhotoperiod sensitivityFlowering timePpd-B1PhytochromeCommon wheat |
| spellingShingle | Antonina A. Kiseleva Elena K. Potokina Elena A. Salina Features of Ppd-B1 expression regulation and their impact on the flowering time of wheat near-isogenic lines BMC Plant Biology Photoperiod sensitivity Flowering time Ppd-B1 Phytochrome Common wheat |
| title | Features of Ppd-B1 expression regulation and their impact on the flowering time of wheat near-isogenic lines |
| title_full | Features of Ppd-B1 expression regulation and their impact on the flowering time of wheat near-isogenic lines |
| title_fullStr | Features of Ppd-B1 expression regulation and their impact on the flowering time of wheat near-isogenic lines |
| title_full_unstemmed | Features of Ppd-B1 expression regulation and their impact on the flowering time of wheat near-isogenic lines |
| title_short | Features of Ppd-B1 expression regulation and their impact on the flowering time of wheat near-isogenic lines |
| title_sort | features of ppd b1 expression regulation and their impact on the flowering time of wheat near isogenic lines |
| topic | Photoperiod sensitivity Flowering time Ppd-B1 Phytochrome Common wheat |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12870-017-1126-z |
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