| Summary: | The estuarine tapertail anchovy, <i>Coilia nasus,</i> is a migratory fish with high economic value in China. We collected fish from the Changjiang River (the Yangtze River) estuary, the Qiantang River estuary, and the southern Yellow Sea, and studied their relationships using otolith elemental and stable isotopic microchemistry signatures to assess the population connectivity of <i>C. nasus</i>. Results show that, in addition to Ca, other elements were present in the otolith core. The δ<sup>18</sup>O, Na/Ca, Fe/Ca, and Cu/Ca values of the Qiantang population were significantly higher than those of the others, whereas its δ<sup>13</sup>C and Ba/Ca values were found to be significantly lower. Otolith multi-element composition and stable isotope ratios differed significantly between the Qiantang and Changjiang estuary groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05); however, no difference was observed between the latter and the Yellow Sea group. Cluster analysis, linear discriminant analysis, and a self-organizing map strongly suggest possible connectivity between the fish populations of the Changjiang estuary and Yellow Sea, while the population of the Qiantang River estuary appears to be independent. Notably, results suggest a much closer connectivity between the fish populations of the Changjiang River and the Yellow Sea.
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