The interplay between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
Therapeutic approaches that lower circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol significantly reduced the burden of cardiovascular disease over the last decades. However, the persistent rise in the obesity epidemic is beginning to reverse this decline. Alongside obesity, the incidence of non...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-05-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2023.1116861/full |
| _version_ | 1797835648421330944 |
|---|---|
| author | Alexandra C. Finney Sandeep Das Dhananjay Kumar M. Peyton McKinney Bishuang Cai Arif Yurdagul Arif Yurdagul Oren Rom Oren Rom |
| author_facet | Alexandra C. Finney Sandeep Das Dhananjay Kumar M. Peyton McKinney Bishuang Cai Arif Yurdagul Arif Yurdagul Oren Rom Oren Rom |
| author_sort | Alexandra C. Finney |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Therapeutic approaches that lower circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol significantly reduced the burden of cardiovascular disease over the last decades. However, the persistent rise in the obesity epidemic is beginning to reverse this decline. Alongside obesity, the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has substantially increased in the last three decades. Currently, approximately one third of world population is affected by NAFLD. Notably, the presence of NAFLD and particularly its more severe form, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), serves as an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), thus, raising interest in the relationship between these two diseases. Importantly, ASCVD is the major cause of death in patients with NASH independent of traditional risk factors. Nevertheless, the pathophysiology linking NAFLD/NASH with ASCVD remains poorly understood. While dyslipidemia is a common risk factor underlying both diseases, therapies that lower circulating LDL-cholesterol are largely ineffective against NASH. While there are no approved pharmacological therapies for NASH, some of the most advanced drug candidates exacerbate atherogenic dyslipidemia, raising concerns regarding their adverse cardiovascular consequences. In this review, we address current gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms linking NAFLD/NASH and ASCVD, explore strategies to simultaneously model these diseases, evaluate emerging biomarkers that may be useful to diagnose the presence of both diseases, and discuss investigational approaches and ongoing clinical trials that potentially target both diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T14:55:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fe2099ea6ba14a8a9cbcbcee162f081e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-055X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T14:55:57Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-fe2099ea6ba14a8a9cbcbcee162f081e2023-05-02T05:21:34ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine2297-055X2023-05-011010.3389/fcvm.2023.11168611116861The interplay between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseAlexandra C. Finney0Sandeep Das1Dhananjay Kumar2M. Peyton McKinney3Bishuang Cai4Arif Yurdagul5Arif Yurdagul6Oren Rom7Oren Rom8Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United StatesDepartment of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United StatesDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United StatesDepartment of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United StatesDivision of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, United StatesDepartment of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United StatesDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United StatesDepartment of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United StatesDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United StatesTherapeutic approaches that lower circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol significantly reduced the burden of cardiovascular disease over the last decades. However, the persistent rise in the obesity epidemic is beginning to reverse this decline. Alongside obesity, the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has substantially increased in the last three decades. Currently, approximately one third of world population is affected by NAFLD. Notably, the presence of NAFLD and particularly its more severe form, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), serves as an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), thus, raising interest in the relationship between these two diseases. Importantly, ASCVD is the major cause of death in patients with NASH independent of traditional risk factors. Nevertheless, the pathophysiology linking NAFLD/NASH with ASCVD remains poorly understood. While dyslipidemia is a common risk factor underlying both diseases, therapies that lower circulating LDL-cholesterol are largely ineffective against NASH. While there are no approved pharmacological therapies for NASH, some of the most advanced drug candidates exacerbate atherogenic dyslipidemia, raising concerns regarding their adverse cardiovascular consequences. In this review, we address current gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms linking NAFLD/NASH and ASCVD, explore strategies to simultaneously model these diseases, evaluate emerging biomarkers that may be useful to diagnose the presence of both diseases, and discuss investigational approaches and ongoing clinical trials that potentially target both diseases.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2023.1116861/fullatherosclerosisanimal modelsbiomarkersnonalcoholic fatty liver diseasenonalcoholic steatohepatitispathophysiology |
| spellingShingle | Alexandra C. Finney Sandeep Das Dhananjay Kumar M. Peyton McKinney Bishuang Cai Arif Yurdagul Arif Yurdagul Oren Rom Oren Rom The interplay between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine atherosclerosis animal models biomarkers nonalcoholic fatty liver disease nonalcoholic steatohepatitis pathophysiology |
| title | The interplay between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease |
| title_full | The interplay between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease |
| title_fullStr | The interplay between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | The interplay between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease |
| title_short | The interplay between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease |
| title_sort | interplay between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease |
| topic | atherosclerosis animal models biomarkers nonalcoholic fatty liver disease nonalcoholic steatohepatitis pathophysiology |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2023.1116861/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT alexandracfinney theinterplaybetweennonalcoholicfattyliverdiseaseandatheroscleroticcardiovasculardisease AT sandeepdas theinterplaybetweennonalcoholicfattyliverdiseaseandatheroscleroticcardiovasculardisease AT dhananjaykumar theinterplaybetweennonalcoholicfattyliverdiseaseandatheroscleroticcardiovasculardisease AT mpeytonmckinney theinterplaybetweennonalcoholicfattyliverdiseaseandatheroscleroticcardiovasculardisease AT bishuangcai theinterplaybetweennonalcoholicfattyliverdiseaseandatheroscleroticcardiovasculardisease AT arifyurdagul theinterplaybetweennonalcoholicfattyliverdiseaseandatheroscleroticcardiovasculardisease AT arifyurdagul theinterplaybetweennonalcoholicfattyliverdiseaseandatheroscleroticcardiovasculardisease AT orenrom theinterplaybetweennonalcoholicfattyliverdiseaseandatheroscleroticcardiovasculardisease AT orenrom theinterplaybetweennonalcoholicfattyliverdiseaseandatheroscleroticcardiovasculardisease AT alexandracfinney interplaybetweennonalcoholicfattyliverdiseaseandatheroscleroticcardiovasculardisease AT sandeepdas interplaybetweennonalcoholicfattyliverdiseaseandatheroscleroticcardiovasculardisease AT dhananjaykumar interplaybetweennonalcoholicfattyliverdiseaseandatheroscleroticcardiovasculardisease AT mpeytonmckinney interplaybetweennonalcoholicfattyliverdiseaseandatheroscleroticcardiovasculardisease AT bishuangcai interplaybetweennonalcoholicfattyliverdiseaseandatheroscleroticcardiovasculardisease AT arifyurdagul interplaybetweennonalcoholicfattyliverdiseaseandatheroscleroticcardiovasculardisease AT arifyurdagul interplaybetweennonalcoholicfattyliverdiseaseandatheroscleroticcardiovasculardisease AT orenrom interplaybetweennonalcoholicfattyliverdiseaseandatheroscleroticcardiovasculardisease AT orenrom interplaybetweennonalcoholicfattyliverdiseaseandatheroscleroticcardiovasculardisease |