Electric Field Sensing with a Modified SRR for Wireless Telecommunications Dosimetry
Split ring resonators (SRRs) have been used extensively in metamaterials, showing a strong localization and enhancement of fields, which significantly improves the sensitivity and resolution of the electromagnetic field sensors. We propose the development of an electric field sensor for 2.4 GHz indu...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Electronics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/3/295 |
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| author | Fabian Vazquez Alejandro Villareal Alfredo Rodriguez Rodrigo Martin Sergio Solis-Najera Oscar Rene Marrufo Melendez |
| author_facet | Fabian Vazquez Alejandro Villareal Alfredo Rodriguez Rodrigo Martin Sergio Solis-Najera Oscar Rene Marrufo Melendez |
| author_sort | Fabian Vazquez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Split ring resonators (SRRs) have been used extensively in metamaterials, showing a strong localization and enhancement of fields, which significantly improves the sensitivity and resolution of the electromagnetic field sensors. We propose the development of an electric field sensor for 2.4 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band applications, by modifying the renowned SRR to contain three concentric pairs of rings. The reduced size makes the sensor affordable for experiments by inserting it in phantoms in order to measure the specific absorption rate (SAR). Power was transmitted from a patch antenna to SRR, with a varying set of distances 1λ, 2λ, 3λ, or 5λ. Experimental measurements of power were conducted with and without a cylindrical distilled-water phantom with agar (4.54%) and NaCl (0.95%). We then computed the electric and magnetic fields and the SAR using these experimental readings of power for different distances. Our sensor was able to measure power values from 20 nW to 0.3 µW with no phantom, and 1 nW to 10 nW with a phantom, in accordance with the values reported for radiofrequency (RF) dosimetry. The sensitivity as a function of the distance determined for the specific case of a phantom was 0.3 µW/cm. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:39:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fe2c0dc8ad0748dd8711d864e6f71632 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-9292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:39:00Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Electronics |
| spelling | doaj.art-fe2c0dc8ad0748dd8711d864e6f716322023-12-03T14:43:59ZengMDPI AGElectronics2079-92922021-01-0110329510.3390/electronics10030295Electric Field Sensing with a Modified SRR for Wireless Telecommunications DosimetryFabian Vazquez0Alejandro Villareal1Alfredo Rodriguez2Rodrigo Martin3Sergio Solis-Najera4Oscar Rene Marrufo Melendez5Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, MexicoDepartamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, MexicoDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, MexicoDepartamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, MexicoDepartamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, MexicoNeuroimage Department, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery MVS, Mexico City 14269, MexicoSplit ring resonators (SRRs) have been used extensively in metamaterials, showing a strong localization and enhancement of fields, which significantly improves the sensitivity and resolution of the electromagnetic field sensors. We propose the development of an electric field sensor for 2.4 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band applications, by modifying the renowned SRR to contain three concentric pairs of rings. The reduced size makes the sensor affordable for experiments by inserting it in phantoms in order to measure the specific absorption rate (SAR). Power was transmitted from a patch antenna to SRR, with a varying set of distances 1λ, 2λ, 3λ, or 5λ. Experimental measurements of power were conducted with and without a cylindrical distilled-water phantom with agar (4.54%) and NaCl (0.95%). We then computed the electric and magnetic fields and the SAR using these experimental readings of power for different distances. Our sensor was able to measure power values from 20 nW to 0.3 µW with no phantom, and 1 nW to 10 nW with a phantom, in accordance with the values reported for radiofrequency (RF) dosimetry. The sensitivity as a function of the distance determined for the specific case of a phantom was 0.3 µW/cm.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/3/295split ring resonatorSARdosimetryelectric fieldsensor |
| spellingShingle | Fabian Vazquez Alejandro Villareal Alfredo Rodriguez Rodrigo Martin Sergio Solis-Najera Oscar Rene Marrufo Melendez Electric Field Sensing with a Modified SRR for Wireless Telecommunications Dosimetry Electronics split ring resonator SAR dosimetry electric field sensor |
| title | Electric Field Sensing with a Modified SRR for Wireless Telecommunications Dosimetry |
| title_full | Electric Field Sensing with a Modified SRR for Wireless Telecommunications Dosimetry |
| title_fullStr | Electric Field Sensing with a Modified SRR for Wireless Telecommunications Dosimetry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electric Field Sensing with a Modified SRR for Wireless Telecommunications Dosimetry |
| title_short | Electric Field Sensing with a Modified SRR for Wireless Telecommunications Dosimetry |
| title_sort | electric field sensing with a modified srr for wireless telecommunications dosimetry |
| topic | split ring resonator SAR dosimetry electric field sensor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/3/295 |
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