Hyperparasitic Fungi against Melon Powdery Mildew Pathogens: Quantitative Analysis of Conidia Released from Single Colonies of <i>Podosphaera xanthii</i> Parasitised by <i>Ampelomyces</i>
In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of hyperparasitic fungi in controlling powdery mildew (PM). In a greenhouse, we spray-inoculated single colonies of the melon PM-causing fungus <i>Podosphaera xanthii</i> strain KMP-6N at three different fungal developmental stages (i.e., 5,...
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/5/1204 |
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| author | Yutaka Kimura Márk Z. Németh Kana Numano Asami Mitao Tomomi Shirakawa Diána Seress Yoshihiro Takikawa Koji Kakutani Yoshinori Matsuda Levente Kiss Teruo Nonomura |
| author_facet | Yutaka Kimura Márk Z. Németh Kana Numano Asami Mitao Tomomi Shirakawa Diána Seress Yoshihiro Takikawa Koji Kakutani Yoshinori Matsuda Levente Kiss Teruo Nonomura |
| author_sort | Yutaka Kimura |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of hyperparasitic fungi in controlling powdery mildew (PM). In a greenhouse, we spray-inoculated single colonies of the melon PM-causing fungus <i>Podosphaera xanthii</i> strain KMP-6N at three different fungal developmental stages (i.e., 5, 10, and 15 days old) with spores of the hyperparasitic fungus <i>Ampelomyces</i> sp. strain Xs-q. After spray inoculation, we collected and counted KMP-6N conidia produced as asexual progeny from PM colonies using an electrostatic rotational spore collector. Collector insulator films were replaced at 24 h intervals until KMP-6N ceased to release additional progeny conidia. Conidial releases from each of the single Xs-q-inoculated KMP-6N colonies gradually reduced, then stopped within ca. 4 and 8 days of the first treatment in 5- and 10-day-old KMP-6N colonies, and within ca. 20 days of the second spray treatment in 15-day-old KMP-6N colonies, respectively. The total numbers of asexual progeny conidia collected from single 5-, 10-, and 15-day-old colonies were ca. 156, 1167, and 44,866, respectively. After electrostatic spore collection, conidiophores in Xs-q-uninoculated KMP-6N colonies appeared normal, whereas almost all conidiophores in 5- and 10-day-old Xs-q-inoculated KMP-6N colonies were completely deformed or collapsed due to the infection of the hyperparasitic fungus. This is the first study to apply electrostatic and digital microscopic techniques to clarify the impact of fungal hyperparasitism on mycohost survival, and, in particular, to assess quantitatively and visually the suppression of conidial release from any PM colonies infected with <i>Ampelomyces</i>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:02:12Z |
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| id | doaj.art-fe2e9a431cff42d185a5d3d4f4e709e9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:02:12Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
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| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-fe2e9a431cff42d185a5d3d4f4e709e92023-11-18T00:04:37ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952023-04-01135120410.3390/agronomy13051204Hyperparasitic Fungi against Melon Powdery Mildew Pathogens: Quantitative Analysis of Conidia Released from Single Colonies of <i>Podosphaera xanthii</i> Parasitised by <i>Ampelomyces</i>Yutaka Kimura0Márk Z. Németh1Kana Numano2Asami Mitao3Tomomi Shirakawa4Diána Seress5Yoshihiro Takikawa6Koji Kakutani7Yoshinori Matsuda8Levente Kiss9Teruo Nonomura10Laboratory of Phytoprotection, Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara 631-8505, JapanPlant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, H-1525 Budapest, HungaryLaboratory of Phytoprotection, Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara 631-8505, JapanLaboratory of Phytoprotection, Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara 631-8505, JapanBiological Evaluation Group, Agrochemicals Research Center, Research & Development Division, Mitsui Chemicals Agro, Inc., Yasu-shi 520-2362, JapanPlant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, H-1525 Budapest, HungaryPlant Center, Institute of Advanced Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama 642-0017, JapanPharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, JapanLaboratory of Phytoprotection, Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara 631-8505, JapanPlant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, H-1525 Budapest, HungaryLaboratory of Phytoprotection, Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara 631-8505, JapanIn this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of hyperparasitic fungi in controlling powdery mildew (PM). In a greenhouse, we spray-inoculated single colonies of the melon PM-causing fungus <i>Podosphaera xanthii</i> strain KMP-6N at three different fungal developmental stages (i.e., 5, 10, and 15 days old) with spores of the hyperparasitic fungus <i>Ampelomyces</i> sp. strain Xs-q. After spray inoculation, we collected and counted KMP-6N conidia produced as asexual progeny from PM colonies using an electrostatic rotational spore collector. Collector insulator films were replaced at 24 h intervals until KMP-6N ceased to release additional progeny conidia. Conidial releases from each of the single Xs-q-inoculated KMP-6N colonies gradually reduced, then stopped within ca. 4 and 8 days of the first treatment in 5- and 10-day-old KMP-6N colonies, and within ca. 20 days of the second spray treatment in 15-day-old KMP-6N colonies, respectively. The total numbers of asexual progeny conidia collected from single 5-, 10-, and 15-day-old colonies were ca. 156, 1167, and 44,866, respectively. After electrostatic spore collection, conidiophores in Xs-q-uninoculated KMP-6N colonies appeared normal, whereas almost all conidiophores in 5- and 10-day-old Xs-q-inoculated KMP-6N colonies were completely deformed or collapsed due to the infection of the hyperparasitic fungus. This is the first study to apply electrostatic and digital microscopic techniques to clarify the impact of fungal hyperparasitism on mycohost survival, and, in particular, to assess quantitatively and visually the suppression of conidial release from any PM colonies infected with <i>Ampelomyces</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/5/1204biological controlcatenated conidiaconidiophores<i>Cucumis melo</i>electrostatic fieldelectrostatic spore collector |
| spellingShingle | Yutaka Kimura Márk Z. Németh Kana Numano Asami Mitao Tomomi Shirakawa Diána Seress Yoshihiro Takikawa Koji Kakutani Yoshinori Matsuda Levente Kiss Teruo Nonomura Hyperparasitic Fungi against Melon Powdery Mildew Pathogens: Quantitative Analysis of Conidia Released from Single Colonies of <i>Podosphaera xanthii</i> Parasitised by <i>Ampelomyces</i> Agronomy biological control catenated conidia conidiophores <i>Cucumis melo</i> electrostatic field electrostatic spore collector |
| title | Hyperparasitic Fungi against Melon Powdery Mildew Pathogens: Quantitative Analysis of Conidia Released from Single Colonies of <i>Podosphaera xanthii</i> Parasitised by <i>Ampelomyces</i> |
| title_full | Hyperparasitic Fungi against Melon Powdery Mildew Pathogens: Quantitative Analysis of Conidia Released from Single Colonies of <i>Podosphaera xanthii</i> Parasitised by <i>Ampelomyces</i> |
| title_fullStr | Hyperparasitic Fungi against Melon Powdery Mildew Pathogens: Quantitative Analysis of Conidia Released from Single Colonies of <i>Podosphaera xanthii</i> Parasitised by <i>Ampelomyces</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hyperparasitic Fungi against Melon Powdery Mildew Pathogens: Quantitative Analysis of Conidia Released from Single Colonies of <i>Podosphaera xanthii</i> Parasitised by <i>Ampelomyces</i> |
| title_short | Hyperparasitic Fungi against Melon Powdery Mildew Pathogens: Quantitative Analysis of Conidia Released from Single Colonies of <i>Podosphaera xanthii</i> Parasitised by <i>Ampelomyces</i> |
| title_sort | hyperparasitic fungi against melon powdery mildew pathogens quantitative analysis of conidia released from single colonies of i podosphaera xanthii i parasitised by i ampelomyces i |
| topic | biological control catenated conidia conidiophores <i>Cucumis melo</i> electrostatic field electrostatic spore collector |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/5/1204 |
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