Responses to Maximal Strength Training in Different Age and Gender Groups
PurposeThe present study aimed to investigate the potential impact of age, gender, baseline strength, and selected candidate polymorphisms on maximal strength training (MST) adaptations.MethodsA total of 49 subjects (22 men and 27 women) aged 20–76 years, divided into five age groups, completed an 8...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.636972/full |
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| author | Hans Torvild Kittilsen Sannija Goleva-Fjellet Baard Ingegerdsson Freberg Baard Ingegerdsson Freberg Baard Ingegerdsson Freberg Iver Nicolaisen Eva Maria Støa Solfrid Bratland-Sanda Jan Helgerud Jan Helgerud Eivind Wang Eivind Wang Eivind Wang Mona Sæbø Øyvind Støren |
| author_facet | Hans Torvild Kittilsen Sannija Goleva-Fjellet Baard Ingegerdsson Freberg Baard Ingegerdsson Freberg Baard Ingegerdsson Freberg Iver Nicolaisen Eva Maria Støa Solfrid Bratland-Sanda Jan Helgerud Jan Helgerud Eivind Wang Eivind Wang Eivind Wang Mona Sæbø Øyvind Støren |
| author_sort | Hans Torvild Kittilsen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | PurposeThe present study aimed to investigate the potential impact of age, gender, baseline strength, and selected candidate polymorphisms on maximal strength training (MST) adaptations.MethodsA total of 49 subjects (22 men and 27 women) aged 20–76 years, divided into five age groups, completed an 8 weeks MST intervention. Each MST session consisted of 4 sets with 4 repetitions at ∼85–90% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) intensity in leg-press, three times per week. 1RM was tested pre and post the intervention and blood samples were drawn to genotype candidate polymorphisms ACE I/D (rs1799752), ACTN3 R577X (rs1815739), and PPARGC1A Gly482Ser (rs8192678).ResultsAll age groups increased leg-press 1RM (p < 0.01), with a mean improvement of 24.2 ± 14.0%. There were no differences in improvements between the five age groups or between male and female participants, and there were no non-responders. Baseline strength status did not correlate with 1RM improvements. PPARGC1A rs8192678 T allele carriers had a 15% higher age- and gender corrected baseline 1RM than the CC genotype (p < 0.05). C allele carriers improved 1RM (%) by 34.2% more than homozygotes for the T allele (p < 0.05).ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report improvement in leg-press maximal strength regardless of gender, baseline strength status in all age groups. The present study is also first to demonstrate an association between the PPARGC1A rs8192678 and maximal strength and its trainability in a moderately trained cohort. MST may be beneficial for good health and performance of all healthy individuals. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T13:24:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fe356d57fc06402790f831c370de9738 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T13:24:22Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-fe356d57fc06402790f831c370de97382022-12-21T19:39:20ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2021-02-011210.3389/fphys.2021.636972636972Responses to Maximal Strength Training in Different Age and Gender GroupsHans Torvild Kittilsen0Sannija Goleva-Fjellet1Baard Ingegerdsson Freberg2Baard Ingegerdsson Freberg3Baard Ingegerdsson Freberg4Iver Nicolaisen5Eva Maria Støa6Solfrid Bratland-Sanda7Jan Helgerud8Jan Helgerud9Eivind Wang10Eivind Wang11Eivind Wang12Mona Sæbø13Øyvind Støren14Department of Sport and Outdoor Life Studies, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, NorwayDepartment of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, NorwayDepartment of Sport and Outdoor Life Studies, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, NorwayThe Norwegian Biathlon Association, Oslo, NorwayTop Sports Medical Office, Tønsberg, NorwayDepartment of Sport and Outdoor Life Studies, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, NorwayDepartment of Sport and Outdoor Life Studies, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, NorwayDepartment of Sport and Outdoor Life Studies, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, NorwayDepartment of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine Trondheim, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, NorwayMyworkout, Medical Rehabilitation Centre, Trondheim, NorwayDepartment of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine Trondheim, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, NorwayFaculty of Health and Social Sciences, Molde University College, Molde, NorwayDivision of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United StatesDepartment of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, NorwayDepartment of Sport and Outdoor Life Studies, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, NorwayPurposeThe present study aimed to investigate the potential impact of age, gender, baseline strength, and selected candidate polymorphisms on maximal strength training (MST) adaptations.MethodsA total of 49 subjects (22 men and 27 women) aged 20–76 years, divided into five age groups, completed an 8 weeks MST intervention. Each MST session consisted of 4 sets with 4 repetitions at ∼85–90% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) intensity in leg-press, three times per week. 1RM was tested pre and post the intervention and blood samples were drawn to genotype candidate polymorphisms ACE I/D (rs1799752), ACTN3 R577X (rs1815739), and PPARGC1A Gly482Ser (rs8192678).ResultsAll age groups increased leg-press 1RM (p < 0.01), with a mean improvement of 24.2 ± 14.0%. There were no differences in improvements between the five age groups or between male and female participants, and there were no non-responders. Baseline strength status did not correlate with 1RM improvements. PPARGC1A rs8192678 T allele carriers had a 15% higher age- and gender corrected baseline 1RM than the CC genotype (p < 0.05). C allele carriers improved 1RM (%) by 34.2% more than homozygotes for the T allele (p < 0.05).ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report improvement in leg-press maximal strength regardless of gender, baseline strength status in all age groups. The present study is also first to demonstrate an association between the PPARGC1A rs8192678 and maximal strength and its trainability in a moderately trained cohort. MST may be beneficial for good health and performance of all healthy individuals.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.636972/fulltraining adaptationsbaseline strengthleg-pressgenderaginggene polymorphisms |
| spellingShingle | Hans Torvild Kittilsen Sannija Goleva-Fjellet Baard Ingegerdsson Freberg Baard Ingegerdsson Freberg Baard Ingegerdsson Freberg Iver Nicolaisen Eva Maria Støa Solfrid Bratland-Sanda Jan Helgerud Jan Helgerud Eivind Wang Eivind Wang Eivind Wang Mona Sæbø Øyvind Støren Responses to Maximal Strength Training in Different Age and Gender Groups Frontiers in Physiology training adaptations baseline strength leg-press gender aging gene polymorphisms |
| title | Responses to Maximal Strength Training in Different Age and Gender Groups |
| title_full | Responses to Maximal Strength Training in Different Age and Gender Groups |
| title_fullStr | Responses to Maximal Strength Training in Different Age and Gender Groups |
| title_full_unstemmed | Responses to Maximal Strength Training in Different Age and Gender Groups |
| title_short | Responses to Maximal Strength Training in Different Age and Gender Groups |
| title_sort | responses to maximal strength training in different age and gender groups |
| topic | training adaptations baseline strength leg-press gender aging gene polymorphisms |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.636972/full |
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