The Effects of Different Organic Materials and Cover Thicknesses on the Early Growth and Antioxidant Response of Direct-Seeded Rice
Direct-seeded rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>) (DSR) is gaining increasing acceptance worldwide because it saves both time and labor. A covering treatment is a simple method to improve early plant growth under direct-seeding conditions. Herein, field experiments were conducted to study the eff...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/1/98 |
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| author | Bohan Zeng Jiajia Yu Muhua Liu Junan Liu Guodong Yu Zhaopeng Liu Liping Xiao Xiao Wang Zhaowen Mo Xiongfei Chen |
| author_facet | Bohan Zeng Jiajia Yu Muhua Liu Junan Liu Guodong Yu Zhaopeng Liu Liping Xiao Xiao Wang Zhaowen Mo Xiongfei Chen |
| author_sort | Bohan Zeng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Direct-seeded rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>) (DSR) is gaining increasing acceptance worldwide because it saves both time and labor. A covering treatment is a simple method to improve early plant growth under direct-seeding conditions. Herein, field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different powdered organic covering materials, i.e., organic fertilizer, seedling substrate, nutrient soil A, and nutrient soil B. In addition, the effects of different covering thicknesses were studied, including 5, 10, 15, and 20 mm, on the germination and early growth of DSR varieties. The two rice varieties Wufengyou 286 and Zhongjiazao 17 were used for this study. The seedling substrate at 15 mm and nutrient soil A at 5 mm covering thickness significantly increased the rate of germination of Wufengyou 286 by 43.93% and 40.26%, respectively, compared to the control treatment. Organic fertilizer, seedling substrate, and nutrient soil A at covering thicknesses of 5 mm significantly increased the germination rate by 42.57%, 38.62%, and 40.10%, respectively, compared to the control. Notably, all the treatments increased the emergence rate, with Wufengyou 286 exhibiting the most pronounced effect. The seedling substrate at 10 mm covering thickness significantly increased the rate of emergence of Wufengyou286 by 15.42% compared to the control. Similarly, the seedling substrate at 10 mm covering thickness gave the best results by increasing the rate of emergence of Zhongjiazao 17 by 10.85% compared to the control. On average, the rate of emergence of Wufengyou 286 and Zhongjiazao 17 under the experimental treatment increased by 11.81% and 6.45%, respectively, compared to the control. The appropriate cover treatment enhanced the early growth of DSR by improving its morphological attributes, such as plant height and dry weight, and regulating the physio-biochemical responses, such as the production of antioxidants and photosynthetic pigments. The seedling growth rate of both varieties decreased as the thickness increased. This study elucidated the effects of different covering materials on the early growth of DSR, which can further guide their actual production. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:09:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fe36fb714f044dffb23435a3691ccfd1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:09:00Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
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| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-fe36fb714f044dffb23435a3691ccfd12024-01-26T14:23:55ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952023-12-011419810.3390/agronomy14010098The Effects of Different Organic Materials and Cover Thicknesses on the Early Growth and Antioxidant Response of Direct-Seeded RiceBohan Zeng0Jiajia Yu1Muhua Liu2Junan Liu3Guodong Yu4Zhaopeng Liu5Liping Xiao6Xiao Wang7Zhaowen Mo8Xiongfei Chen9Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment of Jiangxi Province, College of Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaKey Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment of Jiangxi Province, College of Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaKey Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment of Jiangxi Province, College of Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaKey Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment of Jiangxi Province, College of Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaKey Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment of Jiangxi Province, College of Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaKey Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment of Jiangxi Province, College of Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaKey Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment of Jiangxi Province, College of Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaKey Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment of Jiangxi Province, College of Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaKey Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment of Jiangxi Province, College of Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaDirect-seeded rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>) (DSR) is gaining increasing acceptance worldwide because it saves both time and labor. A covering treatment is a simple method to improve early plant growth under direct-seeding conditions. Herein, field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different powdered organic covering materials, i.e., organic fertilizer, seedling substrate, nutrient soil A, and nutrient soil B. In addition, the effects of different covering thicknesses were studied, including 5, 10, 15, and 20 mm, on the germination and early growth of DSR varieties. The two rice varieties Wufengyou 286 and Zhongjiazao 17 were used for this study. The seedling substrate at 15 mm and nutrient soil A at 5 mm covering thickness significantly increased the rate of germination of Wufengyou 286 by 43.93% and 40.26%, respectively, compared to the control treatment. Organic fertilizer, seedling substrate, and nutrient soil A at covering thicknesses of 5 mm significantly increased the germination rate by 42.57%, 38.62%, and 40.10%, respectively, compared to the control. Notably, all the treatments increased the emergence rate, with Wufengyou 286 exhibiting the most pronounced effect. The seedling substrate at 10 mm covering thickness significantly increased the rate of emergence of Wufengyou286 by 15.42% compared to the control. Similarly, the seedling substrate at 10 mm covering thickness gave the best results by increasing the rate of emergence of Zhongjiazao 17 by 10.85% compared to the control. On average, the rate of emergence of Wufengyou 286 and Zhongjiazao 17 under the experimental treatment increased by 11.81% and 6.45%, respectively, compared to the control. The appropriate cover treatment enhanced the early growth of DSR by improving its morphological attributes, such as plant height and dry weight, and regulating the physio-biochemical responses, such as the production of antioxidants and photosynthetic pigments. The seedling growth rate of both varieties decreased as the thickness increased. This study elucidated the effects of different covering materials on the early growth of DSR, which can further guide their actual production.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/1/98antioxidant responsedirect-seeded riceorganic materialsseedling growth |
| spellingShingle | Bohan Zeng Jiajia Yu Muhua Liu Junan Liu Guodong Yu Zhaopeng Liu Liping Xiao Xiao Wang Zhaowen Mo Xiongfei Chen The Effects of Different Organic Materials and Cover Thicknesses on the Early Growth and Antioxidant Response of Direct-Seeded Rice Agronomy antioxidant response direct-seeded rice organic materials seedling growth |
| title | The Effects of Different Organic Materials and Cover Thicknesses on the Early Growth and Antioxidant Response of Direct-Seeded Rice |
| title_full | The Effects of Different Organic Materials and Cover Thicknesses on the Early Growth and Antioxidant Response of Direct-Seeded Rice |
| title_fullStr | The Effects of Different Organic Materials and Cover Thicknesses on the Early Growth and Antioxidant Response of Direct-Seeded Rice |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effects of Different Organic Materials and Cover Thicknesses on the Early Growth and Antioxidant Response of Direct-Seeded Rice |
| title_short | The Effects of Different Organic Materials and Cover Thicknesses on the Early Growth and Antioxidant Response of Direct-Seeded Rice |
| title_sort | effects of different organic materials and cover thicknesses on the early growth and antioxidant response of direct seeded rice |
| topic | antioxidant response direct-seeded rice organic materials seedling growth |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/1/98 |
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