Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARS-related coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus.
A large number of SARS-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoV) have been detected in horseshoe bats since 2005 in different areas of China. However, these bat SARSr-CoVs show sequence differences from SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in different genes (S, ORF8, ORF3, etc) and are considered unlikely to repres...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2017-11-01
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| Series: | PLoS Pathogens |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006698 |
| _version_ | 1818716666832355328 |
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| author | Ben Hu Lei-Ping Zeng Xing-Lou Yang Xing-Yi Ge Wei Zhang Bei Li Jia-Zheng Xie Xu-Rui Shen Yun-Zhi Zhang Ning Wang Dong-Sheng Luo Xiao-Shuang Zheng Mei-Niang Wang Peter Daszak Lin-Fa Wang Jie Cui Zheng-Li Shi |
| author_facet | Ben Hu Lei-Ping Zeng Xing-Lou Yang Xing-Yi Ge Wei Zhang Bei Li Jia-Zheng Xie Xu-Rui Shen Yun-Zhi Zhang Ning Wang Dong-Sheng Luo Xiao-Shuang Zheng Mei-Niang Wang Peter Daszak Lin-Fa Wang Jie Cui Zheng-Li Shi |
| author_sort | Ben Hu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A large number of SARS-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoV) have been detected in horseshoe bats since 2005 in different areas of China. However, these bat SARSr-CoVs show sequence differences from SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in different genes (S, ORF8, ORF3, etc) and are considered unlikely to represent the direct progenitor of SARS-CoV. Herein, we report the findings of our 5-year surveillance of SARSr-CoVs in a cave inhabited by multiple species of horseshoe bats in Yunnan Province, China. The full-length genomes of 11 newly discovered SARSr-CoV strains, together with our previous findings, reveals that the SARSr-CoVs circulating in this single location are highly diverse in the S gene, ORF3 and ORF8. Importantly, strains with high genetic similarity to SARS-CoV in the hypervariable N-terminal domain (NTD) and receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the S1 gene, the ORF3 and ORF8 region, respectively, were all discovered in this cave. In addition, we report the first discovery of bat SARSr-CoVs highly similar to human SARS-CoV in ORF3b and in the split ORF8a and 8b. Moreover, SARSr-CoV strains from this cave were more closely related to SARS-CoV in the non-structural protein genes ORF1a and 1b compared with those detected elsewhere. Recombination analysis shows evidence of frequent recombination events within the S gene and around the ORF8 between these SARSr-CoVs. We hypothesize that the direct progenitor of SARS-CoV may have originated after sequential recombination events between the precursors of these SARSr-CoVs. Cell entry studies demonstrated that three newly identified SARSr-CoVs with different S protein sequences are all able to use human ACE2 as the receptor, further exhibiting the close relationship between strains in this cave and SARS-CoV. This work provides new insights into the origin and evolution of SARS-CoV and highlights the necessity of preparedness for future emergence of SARS-like diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T19:22:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fe3adc430fc2449c9a6ab57b9a314ecd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1553-7366 1553-7374 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T19:22:53Z |
| publishDate | 2017-11-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-fe3adc430fc2449c9a6ab57b9a314ecd2022-12-21T21:35:27ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Pathogens1553-73661553-73742017-11-011311e100669810.1371/journal.ppat.1006698Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARS-related coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus.Ben HuLei-Ping ZengXing-Lou YangXing-Yi GeWei ZhangBei LiJia-Zheng XieXu-Rui ShenYun-Zhi ZhangNing WangDong-Sheng LuoXiao-Shuang ZhengMei-Niang WangPeter DaszakLin-Fa WangJie CuiZheng-Li ShiA large number of SARS-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoV) have been detected in horseshoe bats since 2005 in different areas of China. However, these bat SARSr-CoVs show sequence differences from SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in different genes (S, ORF8, ORF3, etc) and are considered unlikely to represent the direct progenitor of SARS-CoV. Herein, we report the findings of our 5-year surveillance of SARSr-CoVs in a cave inhabited by multiple species of horseshoe bats in Yunnan Province, China. The full-length genomes of 11 newly discovered SARSr-CoV strains, together with our previous findings, reveals that the SARSr-CoVs circulating in this single location are highly diverse in the S gene, ORF3 and ORF8. Importantly, strains with high genetic similarity to SARS-CoV in the hypervariable N-terminal domain (NTD) and receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the S1 gene, the ORF3 and ORF8 region, respectively, were all discovered in this cave. In addition, we report the first discovery of bat SARSr-CoVs highly similar to human SARS-CoV in ORF3b and in the split ORF8a and 8b. Moreover, SARSr-CoV strains from this cave were more closely related to SARS-CoV in the non-structural protein genes ORF1a and 1b compared with those detected elsewhere. Recombination analysis shows evidence of frequent recombination events within the S gene and around the ORF8 between these SARSr-CoVs. We hypothesize that the direct progenitor of SARS-CoV may have originated after sequential recombination events between the precursors of these SARSr-CoVs. Cell entry studies demonstrated that three newly identified SARSr-CoVs with different S protein sequences are all able to use human ACE2 as the receptor, further exhibiting the close relationship between strains in this cave and SARS-CoV. This work provides new insights into the origin and evolution of SARS-CoV and highlights the necessity of preparedness for future emergence of SARS-like diseases.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006698 |
| spellingShingle | Ben Hu Lei-Ping Zeng Xing-Lou Yang Xing-Yi Ge Wei Zhang Bei Li Jia-Zheng Xie Xu-Rui Shen Yun-Zhi Zhang Ning Wang Dong-Sheng Luo Xiao-Shuang Zheng Mei-Niang Wang Peter Daszak Lin-Fa Wang Jie Cui Zheng-Li Shi Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARS-related coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus. PLoS Pathogens |
| title | Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARS-related coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus. |
| title_full | Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARS-related coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus. |
| title_fullStr | Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARS-related coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARS-related coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus. |
| title_short | Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARS-related coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus. |
| title_sort | discovery of a rich gene pool of bat sars related coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of sars coronavirus |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006698 |
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