Polyurethane Adhesives for Wood Based on a Simple Mixture of Castor Oil and Crude Glycerin
Developing a new type of polyurethane is essential because conventional options often exhibit shortcomings in terms of environmental sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and performance in specialized applications. A novel polyurethane adhesive derived from a simple mixture of castor oil (CO) and cru...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/23/7251 |
| _version_ | 1797399947053629440 |
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| author | Tábata Larissa Corrêa Peres Felipe Vahl Ribeiro Arthur Behenck Aramburu Kelvin Techera Barbosa Andrey Pereira Acosta André Luiz Missio Mahbube Subhani Rafael de Avila Delucis |
| author_facet | Tábata Larissa Corrêa Peres Felipe Vahl Ribeiro Arthur Behenck Aramburu Kelvin Techera Barbosa Andrey Pereira Acosta André Luiz Missio Mahbube Subhani Rafael de Avila Delucis |
| author_sort | Tábata Larissa Corrêa Peres |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Developing a new type of polyurethane is essential because conventional options often exhibit shortcomings in terms of environmental sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and performance in specialized applications. A novel polyurethane adhesive derived from a simple mixture of castor oil (CO) and crude glycerin (CG) holds promise as it reduces reliance on fossil fuels and harnesses renewable resources, making it environmentally friendly. Simple CO/CG mixtures, adjusted at three different weight fractions, were used as bio-based polyester polyols to produce polyurethane adhesive for wood bonding. The resulting products are yellowish liquids with moderate-to-high viscosity, measuring 19,800–21,000 cP at 25 °C. The chemical structure of the polyester polyols was characterized using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetry (TG), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). These polyols reacted with polymeric 4,4-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (p-MDI) at a consistent isocyanate index of 1.3, resulting in the formation of polyurethane adhesives. Crucially, all final adhesives met the adhesive strength requirements specified by ASTM D-5751 standards, underscoring their suitability for wood bonding applications. The addition of CG enhanced the surface and volumetric hydrophobicity of the cured adhesives, resulting in adhesive properties that are not only stronger but also more weather-resistant. Although the thermal stability of the adhesives decreased with the inclusion of CG, FTIR analysis confirmed proper polyurethane polymer formation. The adhesive adjusted for a 2:1 CO:CG weight ratio promoted wood–wood bonding with the highest shear strength, likely due to a higher formation of urethane linkages between hydroxyl groups from the blend of polyols and isocyanate groups from the p-MDI. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:48:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fe3b28d89eaa4d28b1df258454ae02b8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:48:30Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-fe3b28d89eaa4d28b1df258454ae02b82023-12-08T15:20:19ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442023-11-011623725110.3390/ma16237251Polyurethane Adhesives for Wood Based on a Simple Mixture of Castor Oil and Crude GlycerinTábata Larissa Corrêa Peres0Felipe Vahl Ribeiro1Arthur Behenck Aramburu2Kelvin Techera Barbosa3Andrey Pereira Acosta4André Luiz Missio5Mahbube Subhani6Rafael de Avila Delucis7Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-150, RS, BrazilEngineering Centre, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91540-000, RS, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91540-000, RS, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91540-000, RS, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-150, RS, BrazilSchool of Engineering, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC 3216, AustraliaPostgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-150, RS, BrazilDeveloping a new type of polyurethane is essential because conventional options often exhibit shortcomings in terms of environmental sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and performance in specialized applications. A novel polyurethane adhesive derived from a simple mixture of castor oil (CO) and crude glycerin (CG) holds promise as it reduces reliance on fossil fuels and harnesses renewable resources, making it environmentally friendly. Simple CO/CG mixtures, adjusted at three different weight fractions, were used as bio-based polyester polyols to produce polyurethane adhesive for wood bonding. The resulting products are yellowish liquids with moderate-to-high viscosity, measuring 19,800–21,000 cP at 25 °C. The chemical structure of the polyester polyols was characterized using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetry (TG), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). These polyols reacted with polymeric 4,4-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (p-MDI) at a consistent isocyanate index of 1.3, resulting in the formation of polyurethane adhesives. Crucially, all final adhesives met the adhesive strength requirements specified by ASTM D-5751 standards, underscoring their suitability for wood bonding applications. The addition of CG enhanced the surface and volumetric hydrophobicity of the cured adhesives, resulting in adhesive properties that are not only stronger but also more weather-resistant. Although the thermal stability of the adhesives decreased with the inclusion of CG, FTIR analysis confirmed proper polyurethane polymer formation. The adhesive adjusted for a 2:1 CO:CG weight ratio promoted wood–wood bonding with the highest shear strength, likely due to a higher formation of urethane linkages between hydroxyl groups from the blend of polyols and isocyanate groups from the p-MDI.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/23/7251crude glycerinwood bondingbio-polyolsrenewable resources |
| spellingShingle | Tábata Larissa Corrêa Peres Felipe Vahl Ribeiro Arthur Behenck Aramburu Kelvin Techera Barbosa Andrey Pereira Acosta André Luiz Missio Mahbube Subhani Rafael de Avila Delucis Polyurethane Adhesives for Wood Based on a Simple Mixture of Castor Oil and Crude Glycerin Materials crude glycerin wood bonding bio-polyols renewable resources |
| title | Polyurethane Adhesives for Wood Based on a Simple Mixture of Castor Oil and Crude Glycerin |
| title_full | Polyurethane Adhesives for Wood Based on a Simple Mixture of Castor Oil and Crude Glycerin |
| title_fullStr | Polyurethane Adhesives for Wood Based on a Simple Mixture of Castor Oil and Crude Glycerin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Polyurethane Adhesives for Wood Based on a Simple Mixture of Castor Oil and Crude Glycerin |
| title_short | Polyurethane Adhesives for Wood Based on a Simple Mixture of Castor Oil and Crude Glycerin |
| title_sort | polyurethane adhesives for wood based on a simple mixture of castor oil and crude glycerin |
| topic | crude glycerin wood bonding bio-polyols renewable resources |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/23/7251 |
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