Process Simulation for Li-MnO<sub>2</sub> Primary Battery Recycling: Cryo-Mechanical and Hydrometallurgical Treatments at Pilot Scale
Li primary batteries are currently treated along with other Li batteries in several big pyro- metallurgical plants in Northern EU countries. Nevertheless, pyro-metallurgical processes do not allow for Mn and Li recycling and present negative environmental impacts, on the other hand hydrometallurgica...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/17/4546 |
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| author | Pier Giorgio Schiavi Ludovica Baldassari Pietro Altimari Emanuela Moscardini Luigi Toro Francesca Pagnanelli |
| author_facet | Pier Giorgio Schiavi Ludovica Baldassari Pietro Altimari Emanuela Moscardini Luigi Toro Francesca Pagnanelli |
| author_sort | Pier Giorgio Schiavi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Li primary batteries are currently treated along with other Li batteries in several big pyro- metallurgical plants in Northern EU countries. Nevertheless, pyro-metallurgical processes do not allow for Mn and Li recycling and present negative environmental impacts, on the other hand hydrometallurgical processing can potentially ensure the integral recovery of all materials in Li primary batteries. In this work, preliminary experimental findings obtained in the LIFE-LIBAT project (LIFE16 ENV/IT/000389) are reported. In this project, end of life Li(0)-MnO<sub>2</sub> batteries were cryo-mechanically treated and then the metals were recovered by a hydrometallurgical process. Representative samples of end of life Li(0) batteries were characterized by type and composition. Batteries were stabilized in an N<sub>2</sub> bath and then crushed, sieved, and magnetically separated in the SEVal pilot units. Separated fractions (fine fraction, magnetic coarse fraction, and non-magnetic coarse fraction) were chemically characterized for target metal content (Li and Mn). Fractions were first treated for Li extraction and recovery, then the fine fraction was also leached for Mn recovery. Mass balances evidenced a 55% recycling rate and process simulations outlined profitability in the potentiality range in agreement with battery collection fluxes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:38:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fe3ed87a60d541f587cea90647b8c555 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:38:22Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-fe3ed87a60d541f587cea90647b8c5552023-11-20T12:17:19ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732020-09-011317454610.3390/en13174546Process Simulation for Li-MnO<sub>2</sub> Primary Battery Recycling: Cryo-Mechanical and Hydrometallurgical Treatments at Pilot ScalePier Giorgio Schiavi0Ludovica Baldassari1Pietro Altimari2Emanuela Moscardini3Luigi Toro4Francesca Pagnanelli5Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyEco Recycling Srl, Via di Vannina 88/94, 00156 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyEco Recycling Srl, Via di Vannina 88/94, 00156 Rome, ItalyEco Recycling Srl, Via di Vannina 88/94, 00156 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyLi primary batteries are currently treated along with other Li batteries in several big pyro- metallurgical plants in Northern EU countries. Nevertheless, pyro-metallurgical processes do not allow for Mn and Li recycling and present negative environmental impacts, on the other hand hydrometallurgical processing can potentially ensure the integral recovery of all materials in Li primary batteries. In this work, preliminary experimental findings obtained in the LIFE-LIBAT project (LIFE16 ENV/IT/000389) are reported. In this project, end of life Li(0)-MnO<sub>2</sub> batteries were cryo-mechanically treated and then the metals were recovered by a hydrometallurgical process. Representative samples of end of life Li(0) batteries were characterized by type and composition. Batteries were stabilized in an N<sub>2</sub> bath and then crushed, sieved, and magnetically separated in the SEVal pilot units. Separated fractions (fine fraction, magnetic coarse fraction, and non-magnetic coarse fraction) were chemically characterized for target metal content (Li and Mn). Fractions were first treated for Li extraction and recovery, then the fine fraction was also leached for Mn recovery. Mass balances evidenced a 55% recycling rate and process simulations outlined profitability in the potentiality range in agreement with battery collection fluxes.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/17/4546Li primary batteriesrecyclingpilot scale demonstrationprocess simulation |
| spellingShingle | Pier Giorgio Schiavi Ludovica Baldassari Pietro Altimari Emanuela Moscardini Luigi Toro Francesca Pagnanelli Process Simulation for Li-MnO<sub>2</sub> Primary Battery Recycling: Cryo-Mechanical and Hydrometallurgical Treatments at Pilot Scale Energies Li primary batteries recycling pilot scale demonstration process simulation |
| title | Process Simulation for Li-MnO<sub>2</sub> Primary Battery Recycling: Cryo-Mechanical and Hydrometallurgical Treatments at Pilot Scale |
| title_full | Process Simulation for Li-MnO<sub>2</sub> Primary Battery Recycling: Cryo-Mechanical and Hydrometallurgical Treatments at Pilot Scale |
| title_fullStr | Process Simulation for Li-MnO<sub>2</sub> Primary Battery Recycling: Cryo-Mechanical and Hydrometallurgical Treatments at Pilot Scale |
| title_full_unstemmed | Process Simulation for Li-MnO<sub>2</sub> Primary Battery Recycling: Cryo-Mechanical and Hydrometallurgical Treatments at Pilot Scale |
| title_short | Process Simulation for Li-MnO<sub>2</sub> Primary Battery Recycling: Cryo-Mechanical and Hydrometallurgical Treatments at Pilot Scale |
| title_sort | process simulation for li mno sub 2 sub primary battery recycling cryo mechanical and hydrometallurgical treatments at pilot scale |
| topic | Li primary batteries recycling pilot scale demonstration process simulation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/17/4546 |
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