Carbonized Leather Waste: A Review and Conductivity Outlook
The carbonization of collagen-based leather waste to nitrogen-containing carbon is reviewed with respect to the preparation, characterization of carbonized products, and applications proposed in the literature. The resulting nitrogen-containing carbons with fibrous morphology have been used as adsor...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-02-01
|
| Series: | Polymers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/4/1028 |
| _version_ | 1797618566707544064 |
|---|---|
| author | Jaroslav Stejskal Fahanwi Asabuwa Ngwabebhoh Petr Sáha Jan Prokeš |
| author_facet | Jaroslav Stejskal Fahanwi Asabuwa Ngwabebhoh Petr Sáha Jan Prokeš |
| author_sort | Jaroslav Stejskal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The carbonization of collagen-based leather waste to nitrogen-containing carbon is reviewed with respect to the preparation, characterization of carbonized products, and applications proposed in the literature. The resulting nitrogen-containing carbons with fibrous morphology have been used as adsorbents in water pollution treatment, in electrocatalysis, and especially in electrodes of energy-storage devices, such as supercapacitors and batteries. Although electrical conductivity has been implicitly exploited in many cases, the quantitative determination of this parameter has been addressed in the literature only marginally. In this report, attention has been newly paid to the determination of conductivity and its dependence on carbonization temperature. The resulting powders cannot be compressed into pellets for routine conductivity determination. A new method has been used to follow the resistivity of powders as a function of pressure up to 10 MPa. The conductivity at this pressure increased from 9.4 × 10<sup>−8</sup> S cm<sup>−1</sup> for carbonization at 500 °C to 5.3 S cm<sup>−1</sup> at 1000 °C. The conductivity of the last sample was comparable with conducting polymers such as polypyrrole. The carbonized leather thus has the potential to be used in applications requiring electrical conduction. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:14:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fe431f3899114908bab4a4e046edb09d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:14:25Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-fe431f3899114908bab4a4e046edb09d2023-11-16T22:53:10ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602023-02-01154102810.3390/polym15041028Carbonized Leather Waste: A Review and Conductivity OutlookJaroslav Stejskal0Fahanwi Asabuwa Ngwabebhoh1Petr Sáha2Jan Prokeš3University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech RepublicUniversity Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech RepublicUniversity Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech RepublicFaculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech RepublicThe carbonization of collagen-based leather waste to nitrogen-containing carbon is reviewed with respect to the preparation, characterization of carbonized products, and applications proposed in the literature. The resulting nitrogen-containing carbons with fibrous morphology have been used as adsorbents in water pollution treatment, in electrocatalysis, and especially in electrodes of energy-storage devices, such as supercapacitors and batteries. Although electrical conductivity has been implicitly exploited in many cases, the quantitative determination of this parameter has been addressed in the literature only marginally. In this report, attention has been newly paid to the determination of conductivity and its dependence on carbonization temperature. The resulting powders cannot be compressed into pellets for routine conductivity determination. A new method has been used to follow the resistivity of powders as a function of pressure up to 10 MPa. The conductivity at this pressure increased from 9.4 × 10<sup>−8</sup> S cm<sup>−1</sup> for carbonization at 500 °C to 5.3 S cm<sup>−1</sup> at 1000 °C. The conductivity of the last sample was comparable with conducting polymers such as polypyrrole. The carbonized leather thus has the potential to be used in applications requiring electrical conduction.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/4/1028leather wastecarbonizationpyrolysisconductivitynitrogen-containing carbonchar |
| spellingShingle | Jaroslav Stejskal Fahanwi Asabuwa Ngwabebhoh Petr Sáha Jan Prokeš Carbonized Leather Waste: A Review and Conductivity Outlook Polymers leather waste carbonization pyrolysis conductivity nitrogen-containing carbon char |
| title | Carbonized Leather Waste: A Review and Conductivity Outlook |
| title_full | Carbonized Leather Waste: A Review and Conductivity Outlook |
| title_fullStr | Carbonized Leather Waste: A Review and Conductivity Outlook |
| title_full_unstemmed | Carbonized Leather Waste: A Review and Conductivity Outlook |
| title_short | Carbonized Leather Waste: A Review and Conductivity Outlook |
| title_sort | carbonized leather waste a review and conductivity outlook |
| topic | leather waste carbonization pyrolysis conductivity nitrogen-containing carbon char |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/4/1028 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jaroslavstejskal carbonizedleatherwasteareviewandconductivityoutlook AT fahanwiasabuwangwabebhoh carbonizedleatherwasteareviewandconductivityoutlook AT petrsaha carbonizedleatherwasteareviewandconductivityoutlook AT janprokes carbonizedleatherwasteareviewandconductivityoutlook |