Morphological and functional alterations of astrocytes responding to traumatic brain injury
Astrocytes, one of the most abundant and heterogeneous types of glial cell in the brain and spinal cord, are responsible for various essential functions in the healthy central nervous system, including maintaining the blood brain barrier integrity, regulating neuron differentiation and supporting, n...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IMR Press
2019-06-01
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| Series: | Journal of Integrative Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://jin.imrpress.com/fileup/1757-448X/PDF/1563257651243-562505920.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818247426370174976 |
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| author | Xiaoyun Cheng, Jin Wang, Xiao Sun, Lishi Shao, Zeyun Guo, Yang Li |
| author_facet | Xiaoyun Cheng, Jin Wang, Xiao Sun, Lishi Shao, Zeyun Guo, Yang Li |
| author_sort | Xiaoyun Cheng, Jin Wang, Xiao Sun, Lishi Shao, Zeyun Guo, Yang Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Astrocytes, one of the most abundant and heterogeneous types of glial cell in the brain and spinal cord, are responsible for various essential functions in the healthy central nervous system, including maintaining the blood brain barrier integrity, regulating neuron differentiation and supporting, nourishing, protecting, insulating and repairing neurons. They also fulfill a range of other homeostatic maintenance functions. Astrocytes are activated after traumatic brain injury. They then exhibit heterogeneous gene expression and changes in morphology, proliferative capacity and various functions in response either acute or chronic brain injury and associated secondary brain injury. Some biomarkers and imaging tools have been used to monitor astrogliosis after traumatic brain injury. Initially, morphological characteristics and the physiology of astrocytes are reviewed. Subsequently, alterations of astrocytes are described, which includes both the complex mechanisms and roles of reactive astrocytes. The roles of biomarkers and signaling pathways following traumatic brain injury have been summarized as well as the morphological and functional changes in astrocytes. In the latter case, by considering astrocytes as therapeutic targets of traumatic brain injury, the mechanisms of the latest drug treatments are explained. This review highlights the beneficial effects of astrogliosis according to some recent findings, which provides new insights for the treatment of traumatic brain injury. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T15:04:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-fe49050f3d494eca98e1759e11541c97 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1757-448X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T15:04:31Z |
| publishDate | 2019-06-01 |
| publisher | IMR Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Integrative Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-fe49050f3d494eca98e1759e11541c972022-12-22T00:20:45ZengIMR PressJournal of Integrative Neuroscience1757-448X2019-06-0118220321510.31083/j.jin.2019.02.110Morphological and functional alterations of astrocytes responding to traumatic brain injuryXiaoyun Cheng, Jin Wang, Xiao Sun, Lishi Shao, Zeyun Guo, Yang Li01 Kunming Medical University & The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China;2 Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. ChinaAstrocytes, one of the most abundant and heterogeneous types of glial cell in the brain and spinal cord, are responsible for various essential functions in the healthy central nervous system, including maintaining the blood brain barrier integrity, regulating neuron differentiation and supporting, nourishing, protecting, insulating and repairing neurons. They also fulfill a range of other homeostatic maintenance functions. Astrocytes are activated after traumatic brain injury. They then exhibit heterogeneous gene expression and changes in morphology, proliferative capacity and various functions in response either acute or chronic brain injury and associated secondary brain injury. Some biomarkers and imaging tools have been used to monitor astrogliosis after traumatic brain injury. Initially, morphological characteristics and the physiology of astrocytes are reviewed. Subsequently, alterations of astrocytes are described, which includes both the complex mechanisms and roles of reactive astrocytes. The roles of biomarkers and signaling pathways following traumatic brain injury have been summarized as well as the morphological and functional changes in astrocytes. In the latter case, by considering astrocytes as therapeutic targets of traumatic brain injury, the mechanisms of the latest drug treatments are explained. This review highlights the beneficial effects of astrogliosis according to some recent findings, which provides new insights for the treatment of traumatic brain injury.https://jin.imrpress.com/fileup/1757-448X/PDF/1563257651243-562505920.pdf|astrogliosis|traumatic brain injury|reactive astrocytes|biomarker|functional considerations |
| spellingShingle | Xiaoyun Cheng, Jin Wang, Xiao Sun, Lishi Shao, Zeyun Guo, Yang Li Morphological and functional alterations of astrocytes responding to traumatic brain injury Journal of Integrative Neuroscience |astrogliosis|traumatic brain injury|reactive astrocytes|biomarker|functional considerations |
| title | Morphological and functional alterations of astrocytes responding to traumatic brain injury |
| title_full | Morphological and functional alterations of astrocytes responding to traumatic brain injury |
| title_fullStr | Morphological and functional alterations of astrocytes responding to traumatic brain injury |
| title_full_unstemmed | Morphological and functional alterations of astrocytes responding to traumatic brain injury |
| title_short | Morphological and functional alterations of astrocytes responding to traumatic brain injury |
| title_sort | morphological and functional alterations of astrocytes responding to traumatic brain injury |
| topic | |astrogliosis|traumatic brain injury|reactive astrocytes|biomarker|functional considerations |
| url | https://jin.imrpress.com/fileup/1757-448X/PDF/1563257651243-562505920.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xiaoyunchengjinwangxiaosunlishishaozeyunguoyangli morphologicalandfunctionalalterationsofastrocytesrespondingtotraumaticbraininjury |